| 王义生#, 贾娇#, 张伟, 孟玲敏, 常雪*, 苏前富*.14种除草剂对野稷的活性测定及田间防效[J].植物保护,2023,49(3):317-322. |
| 14种除草剂对野稷的活性测定及田间防效 |
| Activity tests and field control effects of 14 herbicides to wild broomcorn millet |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-12 修订日期：2022-04-26 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.16688/j. zwbh. 2022072 |
| 中文关键词: 野稷 除草剂 活性 防治效果 |
| 英文关键词:wild broomcorn millet herbicide activity control efficacy |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201806)；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-02）; 农业农村部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金（DB2018-13） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 参照除草剂室内生物测定和田间药效防治试验准则, 在温室中测定了14种除草剂对野稷的生物活性, 并进行了田间小区药效评价。生测结果表明, 土壤处理药剂中, 异噁唑草酮、氟噻草胺、乙草胺、精异丙甲草胺、异噁草松对野稷的活性较高, 其 ED90分别为43.08、47.14、137.09、209.93、583.74 g/hm2 (有效成分用量); 茎叶处理药剂中, 苯唑草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵、烟嘧磺隆和苯唑氟草酮对野稷的活性较高, 其 ED90分别为22.21、35.95、95.64、111.43 g/hm2。田间药效试验结果表明, 野稷出苗前, 土壤喷雾40%氟噻草胺SC (810 g/hm2)、900 g/L乙草胺EC (1 620 g/hm2)和960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC (2 160 g/hm2)对野稷防效较高, 药后40 d对野稷的株防效均在86.0%以上, 鲜重防效在88.4%以上, 其次是75%异噁唑草酮WG (90 g/hm2), 防效为82. 5%~84.8%, 480 g/L异噁草松EC (1 008 g/hm2)防效76.3%~81.6%, 而38%莠去津SC (1 710 g/hm2)对野稷基本无效; 茎叶处理剂中, 108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC (72. 9 g/hm2)对野稷的防效最高, 施药后30 d对野稷的防效为94.8%~96.5%, 其次是9%苯唑氟草酮OD (120 g/hm2)、30%苯唑草酮SC (27 g/hm2)和40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD (60 g/hm2), 三者施药后30 d 对野稷的防效为72. 2%~84.5%, 复配制剂28%硝磺·烟·莠去津 OD (630 g/hm2)对野稷的防效较高。野稷发生危害重的田块, 苗前土壤喷雾可选择氟噻草胺、乙草胺、精异丙甲草胺, 苗后茎叶喷雾可选用高效氟吡甲禾灵或硝磺·烟·莠去津；野稷发生危害轻的田块, 土壤喷雾还可以选择异噁唑草酮、异噁草松, 苗后可选择苯唑草酮、苯唑氟草酮、烟嘧磺隆, 在防控其他杂草的同时, 对野稷进行防控。不同作物田需根据药剂的登记范围进行选取。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| According to the pesticide guidelines for laboratory bioactivity test and field trials of herbicides control effect, activities of 14 herbicides to wild broomcorn millet were investigated in greenhouse, and control efficacy was evaluated in field. The results showed that herbicides by soil treatment, including isoxaflutole, flufenacet, acetochlor, S metolachlor, and clomazone, were more effective to wild broomcorn millet, with the ED90 values of 43.08, 47.14, 137.09, 209.93 and 583.74 g/hm2 (active ingredient dose), respectively. Topramezone, haloxyfop-P-methyl, nicosulfuron, and fenpyrazone by stem leaf spraying were also efficient, with the ED90 values of 22.21, 35.95, 95.64 and 111.43 g/hm2, respectively. Field efficacy tests showed that before wild broomcorn millet seedling, flufenacet 40% SC (810 g/hm2), acetochlor 900 g/L EC (1 620 g/hm2) and S metolachlor 960 g/L EC (2 160 g/hm2) were effective, the plant control efficacy were all above 86.0% and the fresh weight control efficacy were above 88.4% after 40 days. The control efficacy of isoxazolone 75% WG (90 g/hm2) ranged from 82.5% to 84.8%, clomazone 480 g/L EC (1 008 g/hm2) ranged from 76.3% to 81. 6%, while atrazine 38% SC (1 710 g/hm2) had no effect. In the stem leaf treatment, the control efficacy of haloxyfop-P-methyl 108 g/L EC (72. 9 g/hm2) was the highest, which ranged from 94.8% to 96.5% after 30 days. The control efficacy of fenpyrazone 9% OD (120 g/hm2), topramezone 30% SC (27 g/hm2) and nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD (60 g/hm2) were 72.2%-84.5% after applied 30 days. Mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 28% OD (630 g/hm2) was effective against wild broomcorn millet. In the fields where wild broomcorn millet occurred seriously, pre emergence herbicides including amide herbicides such as flufenacet, acetochlor, S metolachlor, and post emergence herbicides including haloxyfop-P-methyl and mixed herbicides such as mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine, could be used to control wild broomcorn millet. In the fields where wild broomcorn millet occurred slightly, the pre emergence herbicides isoxazolone and clomazone, the post emergence herbicides topramezone, fenpyrazone and nicosulfuron, could be used. The herbicides used in different crop fields should be selected according to the registration scope of chemicals. |
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