| 崔 丽1, 芮昌辉1, 李永平2, 王芹芹1, 杨代斌1, 闫晓静1, 郭永旺2*, 袁会珠1*.国外草地贪夜蛾化学防治技术的研究与应用[J].植物保护,2019,45(4):7-13. |
| 国外草地贪夜蛾化学防治技术的研究与应用 |
| Research and application of chemical control technology against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in foreign countries |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-17 修订日期：2019-06-21 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019300 |
| 中文关键词: 草地贪夜蛾 化学防治 抗药性机制 种子处理 雾滴粒径 |
| 英文关键词:Spodoptera frugiperda chemical control insecticide-resistance mechanism seed treatment spray droplet |
| 基金项目:农业农村部2019年全国草地贪夜蛾应急调研指导项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是一种适应性和迁徙能力很强的农业害虫, 并具有暴发为害的特点。几十年来, 化学防治一直是防治草地贪夜蛾的重要技术措施。20世纪80年代以前, 美洲国家防治草地贪夜蛾以有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂为主; 随后拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂得到了广泛使用; 20世纪90年代中后期, 美洲特别是美国推广种植转基因Bt玉米后, 防治草地贪夜蛾杀虫剂的用量显著减少; 近年来, 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙基多杀菌素、除虫脲、虱螨脲、茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺等一系列新型杀虫剂品种在防治草地贪夜蛾中发挥了突出的作用。伴随着不同种类杀虫剂的使用, 草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂抗性也相应地呈现出明显的变化, 20世纪80年代后, 美洲的草地贪夜蛾先后对有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生了抗药性, 截至2017年, 美洲地区的草地贪夜蛾至少对包括氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类及Bt杀虫蛋白等不同类型共29种杀虫剂产生了抗药性; 2016年, 采自北美洲波多黎各的草地贪夜蛾田间种群对双酰胺类杀虫剂氟苯虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性倍数最高分别达500倍和160倍。草地贪夜蛾的抗药性机制主要是解毒代谢增强和靶标基因突变。种子处理可以预防作物苗期草地贪夜蛾的为害, 并且有利于天敌保护。雾滴粒径不仅影响杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果, 还影响草地贪夜蛾对杀虫剂抗药性的发展, 因此, 防治田间草地贪夜蛾适宜采用细雾喷雾方式。使用得当, 化学杀虫剂可以与天敌和生物杀虫剂协同增效防治草地贪夜蛾。航空施药要和地面施药联合使用才能对玉米田严重发生的草地贪夜蛾达到好的防治效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) displays an outstanding adaptable and migratory capacity, and is an agricultural pest characterized by outbreaks. Over the past decades, chemical control has been an important method to control this pest. Before the 1980s, organophosphates and carbamates were main insecticides to control the fall armyworm in the American continent. Then pyrethroid insecticides were widely used in field. In the mid to late 1990s, after the commercialization of genetically engineered (GE) crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins in the American continent, particularly in the United States, the amount of synthetic insecticide applied significantly decreased. Recently active ingredients with novel modes of action are available for the control of the fall armyworm, including emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, diflubenzuron, lufenuron, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and cyantraniliprole, and have played an outstanding role in the management of the pest. Along with the use of different types of insecticides, the insecticide-resistance of the fall armyworm also presents a significant time-associated succession rule. Many cases on organophosphate and carbamate resistance were reported in the American continent since the 1980s. Up to 2017, the fall armyworm has become resistant to 29 active ingredients belong to carbamate, organophosphorus, pyrethroids and Bt insecticidal protein in the Americas. It was reported that the field population of fall armyworm collected from Puerto Rico in 2016 showed the resistance ratio of 500- and 160-fold to diamides insecticides, flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole. The insecticide-resistance of the fall armyworm was mainly caused by enhanced detoxification and target mutation. Seed treatment can prevent seedling damage caused by the pest and protect natural enemies. Spraying using a large droplet size nozzle significantly decreased the control efficacy of insecticides and may promote the tolerance to insecticides than that using a small droplet size nozzle. Therefore, small-drop spray mode is recommended for the control of this pest in field. Combination of chemical insecticides and natural enemies or biological insecticides may exhibit synergisms against the fall armyworm when properly used. Combination of aerial application and ground application will play vital role for the control of outbreaks of the fall armyworm in maize field. |
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