| 袁伟宁 1, 2, 何树文 3, 魏建荣 4, 郭 成 1, 2, 周天旺 1, 2, 郭建国 1, 2, 张新瑞 1, 2*.河西地区玉米田棉铃虫发生规律及其化学防治技术[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):177-182. |
| 河西地区玉米田棉铃虫发生规律及其化学防治技术 |
| Seasonal occurrence of Helicoverpa armigera on maize and its chemical control techniques in Hexi area, Gansu |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-19 修订日期：2017-11-22 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2017399 |
| 中文关键词: 棉铃虫 生物学特性 发生规律 生物防治 施药器械 |
| 英文关键词:Helicoverpa armigera biological characteristics seasonal incidence biological control pesticide atomizer |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技支撑计划(1604NKCA063) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 袁伟宁 1, 2, 何树文 3, 魏建荣 4, 郭 成 1, 2, 周天旺 1, 2, 郭建国 1, 2, 张新瑞 1, 2* | 1.甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 兰州 730070
2. 农业部天水作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 天水 741200
3. 甘肃省张掖市植保植检站, 张掖 734000
4.甘肃省武威市植保植检站, 武威 733000 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来, 棉铃虫在甘肃省河西地区重度发生, 严重阻碍了玉米生产。为有效防治棉铃虫, 保障玉米生产安全, 本研究调查了玉米田棉铃虫发生规律, 介绍了两种高效施药器械的应用, 并测定了两种生物农药的田间防治效果。结果表明:棉铃虫在河西地区1年可发生3代。越冬蛹主要分布在0~5 cm土层中, 占总越冬蛹量的55.56%, 2016年玉米连作田平均蛹量200.10头/667 m 2。越冬蛹于4月下旬开始羽化, 羽化高峰为5月中下旬, 1代棉铃虫羽化高峰为7月下旬, 2代棉铃虫羽化高峰为8月中旬。棉铃虫成虫在玉米不同生育期的产卵习性不同, 玉米雌穗吐丝后87.86%的卵着落在花丝上。29℃下, 棉铃虫卵期4.53 d, 幼虫平均历期24.60 d, 蛹期9.93 d, 成虫寿命为10.07 d, 完成一个世代需49.13 d。田间防治效果显示, 高架喷雾防治效果优于无人机喷雾。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治效果较Bt高, 且速效性好。综上所述, 河西地区棉铃虫越冬基数大, 以2代棉铃虫为害最重, 玉米吐丝期为防治的关键时期, 喷雾防治时可优先选用高架喷雾方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera has become the most damaging pest of maize and threatened local maize production in Hexi area, Gansu Province. In order to ensure maize production and to control this pest, we analyzed the occurrence of the cotton bollworm and studied chemical control measures in local area. The results showed that the cotton bollworm could occur three generations a year in Hexi area. About 55.56% of overwintering pupae distributed in 0-5 cm depth of soil layer, and the average pupae density in maize rotation cropping field in 2016 was 200.10 pupae per 667 m2. The overwintering pupae began to emerge in late April, and the emergence peak occurred in mid-May. The emergence peak of the 1st generation occurred in late July, and the emergence peak of the 2nd generation occurred in mid-August. Female cotton bollworm have different oviposition habits in different growth periods of maize. Though the moth laid some eggs on both side of leaf at fifth leaf stage, 87.86% of eggs were laid on silk after silk exposing from corn bracts. Under laboratory conditions, developmental duration of the cotton bollworm was observed. At 29℃, the average period for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 4.53, 24.60, 9.93 and 10.07 days, respectively, and its whole life span was 49.13 days. Field control efficacy comparison of two machines showed that the high rod sprayer had higher control efficacy than that of unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer. The control effect of emamectin benzoate was higher than that of Bt, with more rapid availability. In a word, the cotton bollworm have a large overwintering population in Hexi area, and a great damage was caused by the 2nd generation in silking period of maize. Therefore, it was recommended that control of this pest should be conducted in silking period of maize, and the high rod sprayer should be the first choice. |
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