| 余艳芳, 周莉莉, 程 捷, 李姗姗, 苗双珍, 丁 丽, 何世界, 吕玉虎*, 冉忠伟.防除固氮绿肥紫云英田阔叶杂草的除草剂筛选[J].植物保护,2026,52(4):405-412. |
| 防除固氮绿肥紫云英田阔叶杂草的除草剂筛选 |
| Screening of herbicides for controlling broadleaf weeds in Astragalus sinicus fields as nitrogen-fixing green manure |
| 投稿时间：2025-09-17 修订日期：2025-11-07 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025475 |
| 中文关键词: 杂草防除 紫云英 阔叶杂草 除草剂 安全性 防效 |
| 英文关键词:weed control Astragalus sinicus broadleaf weed herbicide safety control efficacy |
| 基金项目:国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 余艳芳, 周莉莉, 程 捷, 李姗姗, 苗双珍, 丁 丽, 何世界, 吕玉虎*, 冉忠伟 | 信阳市农业科学院, 农业农村部植物保护信阳野外科学观测研究站, 河南省信阳作物有害生物野外科学观测研究站, 信阳 464000 | xyyhlu@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确适用于紫云英Astragalus sinicus田间防除阔叶杂草的除草剂, 本研究采用茎叶喷雾法, 通过春季和冬季化学防除田间药效试验筛选对紫云英安全且对阔叶杂草防效好的除草剂。春季安全性评价试验结果表明, 供试的9种除草剂, 仅2甲4氯钠、灭草松、咪唑乙烟酸、唑嘧磺草胺、草除灵、辛酰溴苯腈6种药剂对紫云英比较安全。初冬阔叶杂草防除试验结果表明, 56% 2甲4氯钠SP 1 500~1 875 g/hm 2(制剂用量, 下同)、480 g/L灭草松AS 1 800~2 250 mL/hm^2、10%咪唑乙烟酸AS 750~900 mL/hm^2对野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum、拉拉藤Galium spurium防效较好, 药后120 d株防效73.26%~95.34%, 鲜重防效90.01%~96.01%;对稻槎菜Lapsanastrum apogonoides防效, 56% 2甲4氯钠SP(株防效90.64%~93.92%, 鲜重防效93.12%~95.66%)>480 g/L灭草松AS(株防效80.26%~81.85%, 鲜重防效89.07%~91.22%)>10%咪唑乙烟酸AS(株防效64.74%~71.86%, 鲜重防效83.19%~86.00%)。此外, 30%草除灵SC对拉拉藤防效好;80%唑嘧磺草胺WG对野老鹳草、拉拉藤防效较好;30%辛酰溴苯腈EC对野老鹳草、拉拉藤有一定防效。上述为兼顾紫云英安全性和杂草防效的适宜用量, 防除紫云英田间阔叶杂草优先选用2甲4氯钠、灭草松, 其次, 可使用草除灵、唑嘧磺草胺、辛酰溴苯腈, 咪唑乙烟酸为长残留除草剂, 需在专业人员指导下使用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To screen suitable herbicides for the control of broadleaf weeds in Astragalus sinicus fields, field efficacy trials with stem and leaf spray treatments were conducted in winter and spring to screen herbicides that are safe to A.sinicus and provide high control efficacy against broadleaf weeds. Safety evaluation in spring showed that among the nine tested herbicides, only six exhibited satisfactory safety to A.sinicus, namely MCPA-sodium, bentazone, imazethapyr, flumetsulam, benazolin-ethyl and bromoxynil octanoate. Early winter weed control trials indicated that MCPA-sodium 56% SP at 1 500-1 875 g/hm 2 (formulation, the same below), bentazone 480 g/L AS at 1 800-2 250 mL/hm 2 and imazethapyr 10% AS at 750-900 mL/hm 2 achieved excellent control against Geranium carolinianum and Galium spurium. At 120 days after application, their plant control efficacy ranged from 73.26% to 95.34%, and fresh weight control efficacy ranged from 90.01% to 96.01%. The control efficacy against Lapsanastrum apogonoides followed the order: MCPA-sodium 56% SP (plant control efficacy 90.64%-93.92%, fresh weight control efficacy 93.12%-95.66%) >bentazone 480 g/L AS (plant control efficacy 80.26%-81.85%, fresh weight control efficacy 89.07%-91.22%) >imazethapyr 10% AS (plant control efficacy 64.74%-71.86%, fresh weight control efficacy 83.19%-86.00%). In addition, benazolin-ethyl 30% SC had good control effects on G.spurium; flumetsulam 80% WG showed relatively high control efficacy on G.carolinianum and G.spurium; bromoxynil octanoate 30% EC achieved moderate control of the two weed species. The above application rates are recommended to balance crop safety and weed suppression. In conclusion, MCPA-sodium and bentazone are the preferred herbicides for broadleaf weed management in A.sinicus fields, while benazolin-ethyl, flumetsulam and bromoxynil octanoate can be used as alternatives. Imazethapyr is a long-residual herbicide and shall be applied only under the guidance of professional technicians. |
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