| 王祥龙 1, 2, 陈淑婷 2, 刘元东 2, 张昌朋 2, 王祥云 2*, 周昌瑜 1*.施药方式对豇豆中噻虫嗪与噻虫胺残留行为及膳食暴露风险的影响[J].植物保护,2026,52(4):322-329. |
| 施药方式对豇豆中噻虫嗪与噻虫胺残留行为及膳食暴露风险的影响 |
| Effects of application methods on residual behavior and dietary exposure risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in cowpea |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-15 修订日期：2025-12-09 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025530 |
| 中文关键词: 豇豆 噻虫嗪 噻虫胺 喷雾 灌根 膳食风险 |
| 英文关键词:cowpea thiamethoxam clothianidin root irrigation spraying dietary risk |
| 基金项目:浙江省2024年重点农产品质量安全风险防控行动实施方案(浙农安发［2024］6号) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王祥龙 1, 2, 陈淑婷 2, 刘元东 2, 张昌朋 2, 王祥云 2*, 周昌瑜 1* | 1. 宁波大学食品科学与工程学院, 宁波 315201
2. 农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 农业农村部农药残留检测重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学研究院农产品质量安全与营养研究所, 杭州 310022 | 王祥云wangxy@zaas.ac.cn;周昌瑜zhouchangyu@nbu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究灌根和喷雾两种不同施药方式下噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在豇豆中的降解代谢规律及残留风险, 本研究基于风险最大化原则, 在豇豆结荚盛期进行田间试验。残留样品经QuEChERS方法处理, 以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测, 基质外标法定量。田间试验结果表明:两种农药以相同剂量分别采用灌根与喷雾方式施用于豇豆, 灌根处理后2 h~14 d的豇豆中均未检测出残留物;喷雾施用噻虫嗪后, 在豇豆中的半衰期为2.55 d, 药后2 h~14 d豇豆中噻虫嗪残留量＜0.001~0.171 mg/kg, 符合我国限量标准, 但同时期其代谢物噻虫胺的残留量＜0.01~0.15 mg/kg, 药后2 h~5 d超出我国限量标准。喷雾施用噻虫胺后, 在豇豆中的半衰期为0.82 d, 药后2 h~14 d豇豆中残留量为＜0.01~0.45 mg/kg, 药后2 h~5 d残留量超出我国限量标准。而膳食风险评估结果表明:喷雾施药后, 噻虫嗪、噻虫胺的短期风险商(RQa)分别为0.12%和0.50%; 长期风险商(RQc)分别为24.12%和8.14%, 均远小于100%。上述结果表明, 豇豆结荚盛期喷雾施用噻虫嗪和噻虫胺存在较大的农药残留超标风险, 需要严格把控7 d的安全间隔期;与之相比, 灌根施药的残留风险明显较低。因此在实际生产中建议避免在结荚盛期喷雾施用噻虫嗪和噻虫胺, 或通过优化施药方式来降低农药残留风险。同时本研究结果可为噻虫嗪、噻虫胺在豇豆种植中的科学使用提供理论参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the degradation metabolism and residual risks of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in cowpea under root irrigation and spraying, field experiments were conducted during the peak pod-setting period of cowpeas based on the principle of maximizing risk. Residual samples were processed using an optimized QuEChERS method, detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and quantified via the matrix-matched external standard method. The results of field experiment showed that when the two pesticides were applied to cowpea by root irrigation and spraying at the same dosage, no residue was detected in cowpea treated with root irrigation. After spraying thiamethoxam, its half-life in cowpea was 2.55 d, and the residue levels in cowpea ranged from <0.001-0.171 mg/kg between 2 hours and 14 days after application, which met the limit standard of China. However, during the same period, the residue levels of its metabolite clothianidin ranged from <0.01 to 0.15 mg/kg, exceeding the limit standard in China from 2 h to 5 d after application. After spraying application of clothianidin, its half-life in cowpea was 0.82 d and the residue levels ranged from <0.01 to 0.45 mg/kg between 2 h and 14 d, exceeding the limit standard in China 2 h-5 d after application. Dietary risk assessment showed that the short-term risk quotients (RQa) after spraying were 0.12% and 0.50%, respectively. The long-term risk quotients (RQc) were 24.12% and 8.14% respectively, which were far less than 100%. These results indicate that spraying thiamethoxam and clothianidin during the peak pod-setting period of cowpeas poses a high risk of exceeding residue limits, necessitating strict control of a 7-day safety interval. In contrast, root irrigation presented significantly lower residue risks. Thus, in practical production, it is recommended to avoid spraying these pesticides during the peak pod-setting period or optimize application methods to reduce residue risks. |
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