| 李 乾1, 王凤鹭1, 毛海岩1, 郑玉宝2, 贾立君2, 赵静陶1, 王艳平1, 张 凯1, 张 崇1*.辽宁二季作区马铃薯黑痣病病原菌鉴定、致病力测定及防治药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2026,(1):145-154. |
| 辽宁二季作区马铃薯黑痣病病原菌鉴定、致病力测定及防治药剂筛选 |
| Identification of the pathogen causing potato black scurf in the double-cropping area of Liaoning province, determination of its pathogenicityand screening of effective control agents |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-17 修订日期：2025-05-30 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025033 |
| 中文关键词: 辽宁二季作区 马铃薯黑痣病 Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 致病力 药剂防治 |
| 英文关键词:Liaoning double-cropping area potato black scurf Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 pathogenicity chemical and microbial control |
| 基金项目:辽宁省科技重大专项(2025JH1/11700019) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李 乾1, 王凤鹭1, 毛海岩1, 郑玉宝2, 贾立君2, 赵静陶1, 王艳平1, 张 凯1, 张 崇1* | 1. 沈阳农业大学植物保护学院, 沈阳 110000
2. 辽宁省本溪市马铃薯研究所, 本溪 117000 | zhangchong0816@syau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 葫芦岛是辽宁重要的马铃薯二季作区, 黑痣病发生普遍, 严重影响马铃薯的产量和品质, 明确该地区黑痣病的致病菌种群及致病力, 筛选出绿色高效防治药剂, 可为病害的科学防治提供依据。本研究采集了葫芦岛地区马铃薯黑痣病样品, 分离纯化得到33个菌株, 通过形态学、菌丝融合和ITS序列分析, 鉴定所有菌株均属于Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 PT, 致病力测定发现菌株以中等和弱致病力为主。通过温室盆栽试验、病圃试验及大田试验测定了12种药剂对马铃薯黑痣病的防效。盆栽试验中, 对马铃薯茎溃疡和块茎形成菌核症状防治效果兼优的是25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和24%噻呋酰胺SC, 对茎溃疡防效分别为70.87%和64.04%, 对块茎菌核防效分别为91%和85.17%。微生物源杀菌剂10亿cfu/g枯草芽胞杆菌·粉红黏帚霉 WP和10%井冈霉素AS对两种症状防效均在50%以上; 在病圃和大田试验中, 24%噻呋酰胺 SC和25%吡唑醚菌酯 SC的防效稳定, 均在70%以上; 10亿cfu/g枯草芽胞杆菌·粉红黏帚霉 WP和10%井冈霉素AS也均在50%以上。综上, 化学药剂24%噻呋酰胺 SC和25%吡唑醚菌酯 SC可作为葫芦岛地区防治马铃薯黑痣病的主选药剂, 微生物源杀菌剂10亿cfu/g枯草芽胞杆菌·粉红黏帚霉 WP和10%井冈霉素AS也有较好应用潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Huludao is an important potato double-cropping area in Liaoning province, where black scurf disease is widespread and seriously affects potato yield and quality. Clarifying the pathogenic species and their virulence in this region and screening for green and efficient control agents are essential for scientific disease management. In this study, 33 isolates were obtained and purified from black scurf-infected potato samples collected in Huludao. Based on morphological characteristics, hyphal anastomosis tests, and ITS sequence analysis, all isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 PT. Pathogenicity assays revealed that most isolates exhibited moderate or weak virulence. The efficacy of 12 fungicides against potato black scurf was evaluated through greenhouse pot, disease nursery, and field experiments. In the pot experiments, pyraclostrobin 25% SC and thifluzamide 24% SC showed the best control efficacy against both stem canker and tuber sclerotia symptoms, with control effects of 70.87% and 64.04% on stem canker, and 91% and 85.17% on tuber sclerotia, respectively. Microbial fungicides, including Bacillus subtilis·Gliocladium roseum 1×109 cfu/g WP and jinggangmycin 10% AS, also achieved more than 50% control efficacy for both symptoms. In the disease nursery and field trials, thifluzamide 24% SC and pyraclostrobin 25% SC maintained stable and high control efficacy (above 70%), while Bacillus subtilis·Gliocladium roseum 1×109 cfu/g WP and jinggangmycin 10% AS also remained above 50%. In summary, the chemical fungicides thifluzamide 24% SC and pyraclostrobin 25% SC can be recommended as the primary control agents for potato black scurf in the Huludao area, while the microbial fungicides Bacillus subtilis·Gliocladium roseum 1×109 cfu/g WP and jinggangmycin 10% AS also show promising potential for application. |
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