| 周 敏1, 2, 刘宇琦1, 2, 蒋 露3, 杨沆鑫4, 李 军2*, 李 超1*.5种菊科入侵植物精油对红火蚁的生物活性[J].植物保护,2025,51(4):243-248. |
| 5种菊科入侵植物精油对红火蚁的生物活性 |
| Biological activity of essential oils from five invasive Asteraceae plants against Solenopsis invicta |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-29 修订日期：2024-09-11 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024452 |
| 中文关键词: 菊科 入侵植物 精油 红火蚁 熏蒸活性 触杀活性 |
| 英文关键词:Asteraceae invasive plant essential oils Solenopsis invicta fumigation activity contact toxicity |
| 基金项目:广东省科技计划（2024B1212050005）；深圳市野生动植物保护管理处合作项目（深动植保合同［2024］7号） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 周 敏1, 2, 刘宇琦1, 2, 蒋 露3, 杨沆鑫4, 李 军2*, 李 超1* | 1. 新疆农业大学农学院, 农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室(部省共建), 乌鲁木齐 830052
2. 广东省科学院动物研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
3. 深圳市野生动植物保护管理处, 深圳市林业有害生物监测防控中心, 深圳 518040
4. 广东烟草韶关市有限公司乐昌市分公司, 韶关 512299 | 李军junl@giabr.gd.cn；李超lichaoyw@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是一种对人类健康和生态环境危害极大的入侵生物, 已被列为100种最具破坏力的入侵生物之一。菊科入侵植物在我国入侵植物中占比最多, 危害较为严重。为探究假臭草Praxelis clematidea、南美蟛蜞菊Sphagneticola trilobata、微甘菊Mikania micrantha、白花鬼针草Bidens alba、飞机草Chromolaena odorata 5种菊科入侵植物精油对红火蚁的生物活性, 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取植物精油, 运用密闭熏蒸法、点滴法测定植物精油对红火蚁的熏蒸、触杀活性。结果表明:5种植物精油均对红火蚁具有熏蒸、触杀活性, 通过毒力分析发现, 5种植物精油的熏蒸活性随时间的延长而增强, 而处理时间的延长对触杀活性影响不大, 其中飞机草精油的熏蒸活性最强, 熏蒸6 h时LC50为2.53 μL/L, 熏蒸8 h时LC50为1.50 μL/L; 白花鬼针草和假臭草精油的触杀活性最强, 12 h时LD50分别为0.024、0.028 μL/头, 24 h时LD50分别为0.022、0.025 μL/头。由此可见, 5种菊科入侵植物精油对红火蚁具有良好的生物活性, 有望作为天然熏蒸剂、触杀剂用于防控红火蚁。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Solenopsis invicta poses substantial threats to human health and ecological systems, and has been listed among the 100 most destructive invasive species. In China, Asteraceae species represent the most dominant group among invasive plants, with particularly harmful impacts. The biological activity of essential oils extracted from five invasive Asteraceae plants, including Praxelis clematidea, Sphagneticola trilobata, Mikania micrantha, Bidens alba, and Chromolaena odorata, against S.invicta was evaluated. Essential oils were extracted via hydrodistillation, and their fumigation and contact toxicities against S.invicta were evaluated using sealed fumigation and topical application methods, respectively. The results showed that all five essential oils exhibited fumigation and contact toxicity against S.invicta. Fumigation toxicity increased over time, while prolonged exposure had minimal influence on contact toxicity. Among them, C.odorata essential oil showed the strongest fumigation activity, with LC50 values of 2.53 μL/L after 6 h of fumigation and 1.50 μL/L after 8 h of fumigation. B.alba and P.clematidea essential oils demonstrated the highest contact toxicity, with LC50 values of 0.024 μL/individual and 0.028 μL/individual 12 h after treatment, 0.022 μL/individual and 0.025 μL/individual 24 h after treatment, respectively. These results suggest that essential oils from invasive Asteraceae plants possess significant bioactivity and hold potential as natural fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of S.invicta. |
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