| 李卓丽1, 2, 王 博1, 虎少婧1, 郭 金1, 潘夏丽1, 张庆雯1, 张李香1*.接骨木提取物对桃蚜的毒力和发育繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2025,51(4):229-234. |
| 接骨木提取物对桃蚜的毒力和发育繁殖的影响 |
| Toxicity of Sambucus williamsii extracts and their effects on the development and reproduction of Myzus persicae |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-15 修订日期：2024-11-27 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024426 |
| 中文关键词: 接骨木 点滴法 桃蚜 生物活性 抑制作用 |
| 英文关键词:Sambucus williamsii drip method Myzus persicae bioactivity inhibition |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省属高校基本科研业务费（2024-KYYWF-0092）；黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系（［2023］1197）；黑龙江大学2022年研究生创新科研资金（YJSCX2022-259HLJU） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究接骨木Sambucus williamsii 提取物对桃蚜Myzus persicae的触杀活性及对其发育和繁殖的影响, 采用点滴法测定接骨木乙醇粗提取物和4种溶剂萃取物对桃蚜的毒力, 同时测定了接骨木正丁醇萃取物的半致死剂量对桃蚜发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:接骨木乙醇粗提物对桃蚜具有较好的触杀效果, 处理72 h的LD50为0.133 μg/头。接骨木4种溶剂(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水)萃取物对桃蚜均具有杀虫活性, 正丁醇萃取物对桃蚜触杀效果最佳, 处理72 h对成蚜及若蚜的LD50分别为1.243 μg/头和0.145 μg/头; 用LD50的正丁醇萃取物处理桃蚜后, 其F0代的成蚜平均寿命缩短、每成蚜平均产蚜量下降; F1代的净生殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率的值显著低于同世代的对照组; F2代的内禀增长率和周限增长率与同世代对照组差异不显著。因此认为, 接骨木提取物可显著抑制桃蚜F0代的繁殖力, 降低F1代的种群数量。研究结果为将接骨木提取物作为植物源杀虫剂防治桃蚜提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate contact toxicity and the effects of Sambucus williamsii extracts on the development and reproduction of Myzus persicae, the toxicity of the crude ethanol extract and four solvent extracts was evaluated using the drop method, and the effects of the n-butanol extract at the LD50 dose were further assessed. The results showed that the crude extract exhibited strong contact toxicity against M.persicae, with a 72 h LD50 of 0.133 μg per aphid. All four solvent extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) demonstrated insecticidal activity, with the n-butanol extract showing the highest efficacy, with LD50 values of 1.243 μg/adult and 0.145 μg/nymph at 72 h. Treatment with the n-butanol extract at the LD50 dose significantly shortened the adult average lifespan and average aphid yield per adult aphid in the F0 generation. The F1 generation exhibited significantly lower net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed in the intrinsic and finite rates of increase in the F2 generation compared to the corresponding control. These findings suggest that S. williamsii extracts can significantly suppress the reproductive capacity of F0 M. persicae and reduce the F1 population, providing a scientific basis for the development of botanical insecticides against M. persicae. |
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