| 徐洪乐1, 冷秋丽1, 张新颜2, 杨海霞2, 田建泉3, 薛 飞1, 苏旺苍1, 孙兰兰1, 鲁现峰1, 吴仁海1*.不同时期使用甲基二磺隆对节节麦的防除效果及对小麦的安全性[J].植物保护,2025,51(3):397-404. |
| 不同时期使用甲基二磺隆对节节麦的防除效果及对小麦的安全性 |
| Control effect of mesosulfuron-methyl against Aegilops tauschii at different time and its safety to wheat |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-04 修订日期：2024-06-24 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024309 |
| 中文关键词: 节节麦 甲基二磺隆 药害 施药时期 |
| 英文关键词:Aegilops tauschii mesosulfuron-methyl phytotoxicity application period |
| 基金项目:河南省重点研发专项(221111112300);河南省省级科技研发计划联合基金(222301420110) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐洪乐1, 冷秋丽1, 张新颜2, 杨海霞2, 田建泉3, 薛 飞1, 苏旺苍1, 孙兰兰1, 鲁现峰1, 吴仁海1* | 1. 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 郑州 450002
2. 河南省周口市淮阳区植物保护植物检疫站, 周口 466700
3. 河南省周口市鹿邑县农业农村局, 周口 477200 | renhai.wu@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 节节麦Aegilops tauschii是我国小麦田恶性杂草, 而甲基二磺隆是防治节节麦的最主要除草剂。但是, 甲基二磺隆使用不当极易出现药害。本研究采用田间试验, 筛选并验证了甲基二磺隆防治节节麦的最佳时期及用量。开封田间试验表明, 冬季和春季的4个不同时期施药对节节麦的防效和小麦的安全性存在较大差异;其中于小麦返青期前期(2017年2月25日)喷施30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂(OD) 9~18 g/hm2(有效成分用量, 下同), 对节节麦的鲜重防效为90.84%~97.73%, 各剂量均未出现药害, 效果最优。周口两年田间试验进一步表明:2022年和2023年于小麦返青初期喷施甲基二磺隆18 g/hm2对节节麦的鲜重防效分别为96.81%和99.12%;测产表明，药剂处理较人工除草增产率分别为4.80%和11.29%, 且无药害发生。本研究证实, 黄淮海麦区可选择在春季小麦返青期初期, 甲基二磺隆使用剂量为13.5~18 g/hm2防治节节麦, 不仅可以有效避免药害的发生, 也能对节节麦进行有效防治, 保证小麦的丰产稳产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Mesosulfuron-methyl is the most important herbicide for controlling Aegilops tauschii, which is a malignant weed in wheat fields in China. However, the improper use of mesosulfuron-methyl could easily cause wheat phytotoxicity. In this study, the optimum application period and dosage of mesosulfuron-methyl for controlling A.tauschii were screened and verified by field experiments. Field trials in Kaifeng showed that there were significant differences in the control effect on A.tauschii and wheat safety of mesosulfuron-methyl at four application periods in winter and spring. Among them, spraying 9-18 g/hm2 of mesosulfuron-methyl (active ingredient, the same below) at the early regreening stage (February 25, 2017) of wheat had the best control effect on the fresh weight inhibition rate of A.tauschii, with the efficacy of 90.84%-97.73%. The two-year field experiment in Zhoukou further showed that the control effect of mesosulfuron-methyl application at the early regreening stage of wheat on fresh weight inhibition rate of A.tauschii in 2022 and 2023 was 96.81% and 99.12%, respectively. The yield measurement showed that the yield increase rate compared to the artificial weeding treatment was 4.80% and 11.29%, respectively, and there was no wheat phytotoxicity. This study confirmed that 13.5-18 g/hm2 of mesosulfuron-methyl can be recommended for A.tauschii control at early regreening stage of wheat in the Huanghuaihai wheat region, which can not only effectively avoid wheat phytotoxicity, but also effectively control A.tauschii, so as to ensure high and stable yield of wheat. |
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