| 刘 磊1, 周东来1, 陈 戈2, 孙树青3, 张 亚1, 刘双清1*.湘北地区大豆玉米带状间作田杂草发生与防除情况调查[J].植物保护,2025,51(3):366-373. |
| 湘北地区大豆玉米带状间作田杂草发生与防除情况调查 |
| Investigation on occurrence and control of weeds in soybean-maize intercropping fields in northern Hunan province |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-02 修订日期：2024-07-24 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024358 |
| 中文关键词: 大豆玉米间作 杂草防除 化学防治 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词:soybean-maize intercropping weed control chemical control community structure |
| 基金项目:湖南省农业农村厅大豆玉米带状复合种植“揭榜挂帅”领办示范项目(湘财预［2023］157号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确湖南北部地区(岳阳、常德、益阳)大豆玉米带状间作田的杂草发生与防除情况, 选取该地区的种植示范基地和典型田块进行了系统调查。结果表明:杂草共有30科82种, 其中阔叶杂草占比82.92%, 禾本科杂草占比13.42%, 莎草科杂草占比3.66%;一年生杂草占比74.39%, 多年生杂草占比25.61%;相对多度大于3%的杂草有10种, 分别为稗Echinochloa crus-galli、香附子Cyperus rotundus、铁苋菜Acalypha australis、狗尾草Setaria viridis、空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides、狗牙根Cynodon dactylon、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、酸模叶蓼Persicaria lapathifolia、艾Artemisia argyi、藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides, 其中前6种为优势杂草种群, 后4种为区域性优势杂草种群。经物种丰富度、香农指数、辛普森指数及均匀度指数分析, 岳阳地区杂草群落的物种多样性最高, 常德地区的多样性最低。田间杂草防除采用封闭为主、封定结合的除草方法, 常用的除草剂有精异丙甲草胺、噻吩磺隆、精喹·氟磺胺、硝磺·莠去津等。本研究表明, 湘北地区大豆玉米带状间作田的杂草发生危害存在区域性差异, 应因地制宜制定合适的化学防治技术方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the situation of weed occurrence and control in soybean-maize intercropping fields in northern Hunan province (Yueyang, Changde, Yiyang), weed occurrence and control effect were systematically investigated in the planting demonstration bases and typical fields in this area. The results showed that there were 82 species of weeds belonging to 30 families, including 82.92% of broad-leaf weeds, 13.42% of Poaceae weeds and 3.66% of Cyperaceae weeds. Among the 82 weed species, annual weeds and perennial weeds accounted for 74.39% and 25.61%, respectively. There were ten weeds with a relative abundance greater than 3%, including Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus, Acalypha australis, Setaria viridis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Persicaria lapathifolia, Artemisia argyi and Ageratum conyzoides, and the first six were dominant weed species, while the last four were regional dominant weed species. Based on species richness, Shannon Wiener index, Simpson index and evenness index, species diversity of weed community in Yueyang was the highest and that in Changde was the lowest. Weed control in the field were mainly controlled by sealing and combination of sealing and fixation. The commonly used herbicides included S-metolachlor, thifensulfuron-methyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl·fomesafen and mesotrione·atrazine. The results indicated that there were regional differences in weed community structure in the soybean-maize intercropping fields in northern Hunan province and appropriate chemical control technical proposals should be formulated according to local conditions. |
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