| 胡 飞1, 徐婷婷1, 毕思佳1, 胡本进1, 邱 坤2, 王振营3, 徐丽娜1*.皖北冬小麦苗期草地贪夜蛾为害及发生原因分析[J].植物保护,2025,51(3):329-338. |
| 皖北冬小麦苗期草地贪夜蛾为害及发生原因分析 |
| Damage and causal agent of Spodoptera frugiperda in winter wheat seedling stage in northern Anhui province |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-07 修订日期：2024-09-11 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024414 |
| 中文关键词: 草地贪夜蛾 冬小麦 为害 耐饥饿能力 |
| 英文关键词:Spodoptera frugiperda winter wheat damage starvation tolerance |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400700);粮食和蔬菜病虫害抗药性治理安徽省重点实验室开放基金资助课题(PKLPRMGVP202304);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022i01020027) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 胡 飞1, 徐婷婷1, 毕思佳1, 胡本进1, 邱 坤2, 王振营3, 徐丽娜1* | 1. 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所, 粮食和蔬菜病虫害抗药性治理安徽省重点实验室, 合肥 230031
2. 安徽省植保总站, 合肥 230091
3. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室, 北京 100193 | caasxln@163.com |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 29 |
| 全文下载次数: 11 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对皖北小麦的为害及成因, 我们首先调查了阜阳颍东、太和、蒙城和涡阳地区小麦苗期草地贪夜蛾发生情况及其为害对次年小麦生长和产量的影响, 进而比较了草地贪夜蛾成虫在玉米和小麦上的产卵选择性及不同龄期幼虫对小麦的为害状和耐饥饿能力。调查发现草地贪夜蛾为害后及时防治并进行补种, 次年小麦产量与对照(未被害小麦)没有显著差异, 但自然再生小麦的产量较对照降低50.52%。室内产卵试验表明:非选择性状态下, 草地贪夜蛾成虫在小麦单播处理中的产卵量为311.2粒, 显著低于玉米单播(1 425.5粒)和玉米-小麦混播处理中(2 270.8粒)的产卵量, 且小麦上的着卵量均显著低于玉米;选择性试验中, 成虫更倾向于在玉米上产卵;提前播种5~20株玉米, 草地贪夜蛾的总产卵量为923.0~1 259.7粒, 与对照均无显著差异。田间罩笼试验表明，草地贪夜蛾3龄和5龄幼虫可以直接啃食小麦茎基部, 从而导致缺苗现象。耐饥饿能力比较表明，饥饿处理3 d和6 d后, 4、5、6龄幼虫的成活率均超过45%, 但4龄幼虫的存活率低于5龄和6龄幼虫;饥饿9 d后, 6龄幼虫的存活率为89.58%, 但4龄幼虫的存活率下降为1.85%;不额外补充新鲜食料的情况下, 草地贪夜蛾幼虫在不同处理土壤中可短期存活, 10 d后4、5、6龄幼虫在包含根、茎秆和玉米芯的土壤中的存活率分别为4.17%、13.55%和83.33%。综合以上研究结果, 本研究认为草地贪夜蛾成虫在过渡寄主上产卵并长至高龄幼虫, 在土壤中短期存活, 待小麦出苗后转移为害是造成皖北冬小麦被害的主要原因, 而夏玉米收获后田间存在的玉米自生苗是其过渡寄主之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the damage and causal agent of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, on wheat at seedling stage in northern Anhui province, we investigated the occurrence of FAW at seedling stage and its effects on wheat growth and yield. Moreover, the oviposition preference of FAW adults on maize and wheat, the damage characteristics of different FAW instars larvae to wheat and their tolerance to starvation were compared. It was found that there was no significant difference between the yield of wheat replanted after damage and that of the control, but the yield of naturally regenerated wheat was 50.52% lower than that of the control. Laboratory oviposition tests showed that in the non-choice tests, the total number of eggs on wheat monoculture treatment was 311.2, significantly lower than that on maize monoculture (1 425.5) and mixture of maize-wheat (2 270.8) treatments. In addition, the number of eggs laid on wheat were lower that on maize. In choice test, adults showed obvious oviposition perference on maize than wheat. Sowing 5 to 20 maize plants in advance, the number of eggs on each treatment were 923.0 to 1 259.7, but there were no significant difference compared to control. Under the conditions of field cage, the 3rd and 5th instar larvae can directly feed on stem base of wheat plants, causing seedling shortages. Comparision of starvation tolerance revealed that the survival rates of 4th, 5th and 6th instar larvae were all over 45% after starvation for 3 and 6 days, but the survival rate of 4th instar larvae were significant lower than that of 5th and 6th instar larvae. After 9 days of starvation, the survival rate of the 6th instar larvae was 89.58%, but that of the 4th instar larvae decreased to 1.85%. Moreover, the larvae of FAW can survive for a short time in different soil treatments without fresh food supplement. The survival rate of 4th, 5th and 6th instar larvae were 4.17%, 13.55% and 83.33% under soil conditions with root, stalks and corn cobs, respectively. In summary, the above results suggested that the main reason for winter wheat damage in northern Anhui province was that FAW adults laid eggs on transitional hosts and grew into older larva, survived in soil for a short time and then transferred to wheat after seedling emergence, and spontaneous maize seedlings existed in the field after summer maize harvest were one kind of the transitional hosts. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
