| 程宛楠1, 2, 刘 冰2, 3, 潘洪生4, 吴少英1, 陆宴辉2, 3*.免膜和覆膜种植模式下棉花害虫及其天敌的群落结构与消长动态[J].植物保护,2025,51(2):132-140. |
| 免膜和覆膜种植模式下棉花害虫及其天敌的群落结构与消长动态 |
| Effects of cotton cultivation with/without film mulching on the population dynamics and community structure of pests and predators |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-13 修订日期：2024-04-30 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024143 |
| 中文关键词: 种植模式 害虫 天敌 种群动态 群落结构 食物网 |
| 英文关键词:cultivation type pests natural enemies population dynamics community diversity food web |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400300); 财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-21) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 程宛楠1, 2, 刘 冰2, 3, 潘洪生4, 吴少英1, 陆宴辉2, 3* | 1. 海南大学植物保护学院, 海口 570228
2. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
3. 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 昌吉 831100
4. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所, 国家植物保护库尔勒观测实验站, 乌鲁木齐 830091 | luyanhui@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确耕作制度变化对棉花害虫及其天敌群落结构的影响, 于2023年6月－8月在新疆南疆调查了免膜与覆膜棉田植株生长状况，主要害虫及捕食性天敌种群消长动态, 分析了两类棉田的节肢动物群落组成以及捕食性天敌-害虫定性食物网结构差异。结果表明, 与无膜栽培模式相比, 覆膜棉田棉花株高、真叶数、果枝数、蕾数均有显著增加。两类棉田中主要害虫的发生趋势基本一致, 棉蚜Aphis gossypii在整个生育期都有发生, 棉长管蚜Acyrthosiphon gossypii在蕾期(7月份)密度较高, 而蓟马高峰期出现在8月份花铃期; 覆膜棉田蚜虫整体上发生比免膜田重, 蓟马在两类棉田中的发生在不同月份差异明显。两类棉田中主要捕食性天敌发生规律基本相似, 多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata和草蛉的种群高峰均出现在7月底盛花期, 捕食性盲蝽，如黑食蚜盲蝽Deraeocoris punctulatus、异须微刺盲蝽Campylomma diversicornis主要在8月中下旬盛铃期时种群密度较高。棉花生长前期(6月), 覆膜田害虫、捕食性天敌和整个节肢动物群落的物种数量, 以及捕食性天敌的优势集中度均显著高于免膜田, 但整个节肢动物群落的优势集中度低于免膜田; 棉花生长中后期(7月－8月), 两类棉田中害虫的多样性、均匀度、优势集中度以及整个节肢动物群落的物种数量均无显著差异, 但8月覆膜田天敌均匀度显著高于免膜田, 整个节肢动物群落的多样性显著低于免膜田。两类棉田中捕食性天敌-害虫食物网结构有微弱差异, 但食物网参数如连接密度、普遍性、易损性、连通度、生态位重叠、消亡斜率、稳健性、分区多样性等并无明显差异。总体上覆膜田棉花长势好于免膜田, 覆膜显著促进了前期害虫与捕食性天敌的发生, 但对棉田节肢动物群落结构组成影响较小。本研究结果为进一步阐明覆膜种植对棉花害虫种群地位演替规律、发展棉田害虫监测预警和综合治理技术提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of changes in cultivation practices on the community structure of cotton pests and their natural enemies, this study investigated the plant growth status, population dynamics of main pests and predators, and arthropod community structure parameters in cotton fields with and without film mulching in southern Xinjiang from June to August, 2023. The qualitative food web structure of predator-pest interactions was also analyzed. The results showed that compared to non-mulching cultivation, cotton fields with film mulching exhibited significantly greater plant height, true leaf count, fruit branch count and bud number. The occurrence trends of major pests were generally consistent between the two types of cotton fields, with Aphis gossypii present throughout the entire growth period of cotton and Acyrthosiphon gossypii peaking in July during the budding stage. Thrips populations peaked in August during the flowering stage. Aphid infestations were generally more severe in mulched fields, while thrip densities showed significant monthly differences between the two field types. The population dynamics of predators were similar between the two field types. Peaks for Hippodamia variegata and lacewings occurred in late July during the full flowering stage, while predatory mirids (e.g., Deraeocoris punctulatus and Campylomma diversicornis) exhibited high population densities in mid-to-late August during the full bolling stage. In the early growth stage of cotton (June), the species richness of pests, predators and the overall arthropod community, along with the Simpson dominance index of predators were significantly higher in mulched fields than that in non-mulched fields. However, the Simpson dominance index of the overall arthropod community was significantly lower in mulched fields. During the mid-to-late growth stages of cotton (July-August), no significant differences were observed in pest diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness, Simpson dominance) or overall arthropod species richness between the two field types. However, in August, predator evenness was significantly higher in mulched fields, while overall arthropod community diversity was significantly lower compared to non-mulched fields. Slight differences were observed in the qualitative food web structure of predator-pest interactions between the two types of cotton fields, but food web parameters such as linkage density, generality, vulnerability, connectance, niche overlap, extinction slope, robustness, and compartment diversity showed no significant differences. Overall, mulched fields had better cotton growth performance than non-mulched fields and significantly promoted early-stage pest and predator populations, while having minimal effects on the composition of arthropod community structure. These findings provide insights into the effects of mulching cultivation on the succession patterns of major cotton pest populations and contribute to development of monitoring, early warning, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for cotton pests. |
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