| 王 淳1, 2, 刘 冰2, 3, 路 伟1, 陆宴辉2, 3*.新疆棉田主要害虫及其捕食性天敌的生态位与种间联结性研究[J].植物保护,2025,51(2):52-60. |
| 新疆棉田主要害虫及其捕食性天敌的生态位与种间联结性研究 |
| Niche and interspecific associations of major pests and predatory enemies in cotton fields of Xinjiang, China |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-11 修订日期：2024-04-20 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024133 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 害虫 天敌 种群动态 生态位 种间联结 |
| 英文关键词:cotton pest natural enemy population dynamics ecological niche interspecific association |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400300); 财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-21) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王 淳1, 2, 刘 冰2, 3, 路 伟1, 陆宴辉2, 3* | 1. 新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
3. 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 昌吉 831100 | luyanhui@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确新疆棉田主要害虫及天敌发生情况, 本研究调查分析了棉田不同生育期主要害虫及天敌类群的动态变化、生态位宽度和重叠度指数, 以及不同物种之间的种间联结性。结果表明, 棉蚜Aphis gossypii在整个棉花生育期都是主要害虫, 棉长管蚜Acyrthosiphon gossypii的为害主要集中在苗期和蕾期, 花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa和叶螨主要发生在花铃期。多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的发生时期主要在苗期至蕾期, 草蛉和黑食蚜盲蝽Deraeocoris punctulatus主要在花铃期发生。棉田主要害虫及天敌的空间生态位随棉花生育期显著变化。从棉花苗期至花铃期, 害虫中以棉蚜、棉长管蚜、蓟马的空间生态位较宽, 苗期-蕾期的生态位宽度依次为259.62、199.34、51.25, 花铃期生态位宽度依次为244.79、139.20、184.79; 广谱性天敌中以多异瓢虫、草蛉、黑食蚜盲蝽的空间生态位较宽, 苗期-蕾期生态位宽度分别为225.41、97.39、58.32, 花铃期分别为110.22、204.29、148.93。不同害虫之间存在生态位重叠, 其中棉蚜与棉长管蚜生态位重叠度最高, 其次为棉蚜与蓟马。在天敌中, 多异瓢虫在苗期至蕾期, 草蛉在花铃期的空间生态位都较宽, 表明其在棉田空间上活动范围较广。苗期至花铃期与蚜虫生态位重叠度较高的为多异瓢虫、草蛉、黑食蚜盲蝽, 而苗期-蕾期与蓟马生态位重叠度较高的为黑食蚜盲蝽和异须微刺盲蝽Campylomma diversicornis, 花铃期各种捕食性天敌与蓟马的生态位重叠度均比较高。苗期-蕾期多异瓢虫与主要害虫棉蚜、棉长管蚜的种间联结性呈极显著正关联, 花铃期草蛉、黑食蚜盲蝽与棉蚜、棉长管蚜、蓟马呈显著正关联。上述结果综合说明, 新疆棉田的主要害虫为棉蚜、棉长管蚜、蓟马, 多异瓢虫、草蛉、黑食蚜盲蝽在棉田中的控害作用较强。本研究为明确新疆棉田害虫及其捕食性天敌的种间互作关系、进而解析新疆棉田害虫发生演替规律提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| We investigated the population dynamics, ecological niche breadth, overlap index and interspecific associations of the main pests and predatory enemies during different growth stages of cotton in Xinjiang cotton fields, aiming to clarify the occurrence mechanism of arthropod pests and predators in this region. The results showed that Aphis gossypii was the main pest throughout the whole cotton growth period, whereas Acyrthosiphon gossypii caused damage mainly during the seedling and budding stages. Frankliniella intonsa and spider mites mainly occurred in the flowering-bolling stages. The predator Hippodamia variegata mainly occurred from seedling to budding stages, while lacewings and Deraeocoris punctulatus mainly appeared during the flowering-bolling stages. The spatial niches of main pests and predatory enemies in cotton fields significantly varied due to the development of cotton growth stages. From the seedling to flowering-bolling stages, Ap. gossypii, Ac. gossypii and thrips exhibited wider spatial niches among the pests, with the niche breadths of 259.62, 199.34 and 51.25, respectively, during seedling-budding stage, and 244.79, 139.20 and 184.79, respectively, during the flowering-bolling stage. H. variegata, lacewings and D. punctulatus had wider spatial niches among generalist predators, with the niche breadths of 225.41, 97.39 and 58.32, respectively, during the seedling-budding stage, and 110.22, 204.29 and 148.93, respectively, during the flowering-bolling stage. There were significant different niche overlaps between different pests, with the highest overlap index between Ap. gossypii and Ac. gossypii, followed by Ap. gossypii and thrips. For predators, H.variegata had a wider spatial niche breadth during seedling-budding stage, while lacewings had wider niche breadth during the flowering-bolling stage, indicating that all of them could spread over large spatial scales in cotton fields. H. variegata, lacewings and D. punctulatus had high niche overlaps with aphids from the seedling to flowering-bolling stages. In addition, thrips had high niche overlaps with D. punctulatus and Campylomma diversicornis during the seedling-budding stage, whereas all predators had high niche overlaps with thrips during the flowering-bolling stage. During seedling-budding stage, the interspecific association between H. variegata and the main pests, Ap. gossypii and Ac. gossypii, were significantly positive. Moreover, significant positive interspecific associations were also confirmed between the predators (lacewings, D. punctulatus) and the pests (Ap. gossypii, Ac. gossypii and thrips) at flowering-bolling stage. Overall, the results showed that Ap. gossypii, Ac. gossypii and thrips were the main pest species, and H.variegata, lacewings and D.punctulatus played key roles in biological pest control in cotton fields in Xinjiang. This study provides scientific insights and strategies for understanding the trophic interactions between pests and predators, and contributes to clarifying the succession mechanism of cotton pests in Xinjiang. |
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