| 陈燕羽1, 2, 罗劲梅1, 李 萍3*, 石旺鹏2, 王树昌4, 陈俊谕4, 迟元铭2, 陈丽丽5, 王昊祺6.我国豇豆病虫害绿色防控技术研究应用进展及对策建议[J].植物保护,2025,51(2):1-7. |
| 我国豇豆病虫害绿色防控技术研究应用进展及对策建议 |
| Research and application progress of environmentally-friendly pest control for cowpea and countermeasures in China |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-02 修订日期：2024-07-13 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2024301 |
| 中文关键词: 豇豆 病虫害绿色防控 研究应用 对策建议 |
| 英文关键词:cowpea environmentally-friendly pest control research and application countermeasures |
| 基金项目:2024年农业农村部农作物病虫害监测、预警与防治服务项目(A120301); 农业农村部自由履职类项目(JDZX-2024); 国家重点研发计划(2024YFD1400100); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630052024013) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 陈燕羽1, 2, 罗劲梅1, 李 萍3*, 石旺鹏2, 王树昌4, 陈俊谕4, 迟元铭2, 陈丽丽5, 王昊祺6 | 1. 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所, 海口 571101
2. 中国农业大学三亚研究院, 三亚 572024
3. 全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100125
4. 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所, 海口 571101
5.广西壮族自治区植物保护总站, 南宁 530022
6. 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所, 南宁 532406 | liping@agri.gov.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 豇豆在我国南北方均有广泛种植，因营养丰富、风味独特广受大众喜爱。豇豆病虫害多发重发, 广大种植户常常频繁过量使用化学农药, 导致农药残留超标。绿色防控技术是持续控制豇豆病虫害发生和确保农药残留不超标的有效手段。本文概述了豇豆主要病虫害及环境影响因子, 并从抗药性监测及筛选高效药剂，应用生防菌剂、筛选优势天敌昆虫(捕食螨)等生物防治技术，昆虫性信息素及能量转换膜等理化诱控技术，“防虫网+”IPM技术体系和技术规程等方面进行全面分析, 总结了部分省市在实践中推广绿色防控技术的效果。最后, 本文提出了优化IPM技术体系、重视科学用药管理、加强基础和应用研究等对策建议, 以期为我国豇豆产业的绿色可持续发展提供科学指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Cowpea is extensively cultivated in China and is highly valued for its rich nutrition and unique flavor. However, frequent and severe pest infestations have led farmers to overuse chemical pesticides, resulting in pesticide residues levels often exceeding permissible limits. Environmentally-friendly control is an effective means to manage cowpea pests sustainably and ensure compliance with residue standards. This paper summarizes the main pests of cowpea and their environmental impact factors and provides a comprehensive analysis of pesticides resistance monitoring and the screening of high-efficiency pesticides, the application of biocontrol agents, the identification of dominant natural enemies (e.g., predatory mites) and other biological control technologies. Additionally, the paper examines the use of insect sex pheromones, energy conversion membranes and other physicochemical control technologies, as well as the “insect-proof net +” IPM technology system and related technical standards. The effects of promoting environmentally-friendly pest control in various provinces are also summarized. Finally, this paper proposes strategies for optimizing IPM technical systems, emphasizing scientific pesticide management, and strengthening basic and applied research. These countermeasures aim to provide scientific guidance for the green and sustainable development of cowpea industry in China. |
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