| 巩雪花1, 2#, 王小武2#, 张慧菊3, 吐尔逊·阿合买提2, 丁新华2*,付开赟2, 关志坚4, 袁梓涵2, 贾尊尊2, 李永涛5, 郭文超2*.新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草群落演替及其驱动因素分析[J].植物保护,2024,50(6):173-182. |
| 新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草群落演替及其驱动因素分析 |
| Analysis of weed community succession and its driving factors in corn fields in oasis irrigation areas in Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-01 修订日期：2024-01-09 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2023628 |
| 中文关键词: 新疆绿洲灌区 玉米田 杂草群落 演替 驱动因素 |
| 英文关键词:oasis irrigation areas of Xinjiang corn fields weed community succession driving factors |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A02009) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 巩雪花1, 2#, 王小武2#, 张慧菊3, 吐尔逊·阿合买提2, 丁新华2*,付开赟2, 关志坚4, 袁梓涵2, 贾尊尊2, 李永涛5, 郭文超2* | 1. 石河子大学农学院, 石河子 832003
2. 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所, 农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 新疆农业生物安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
3. 霍尔果斯海关, 伊犁 835300
4. 新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州察布查尔锡伯自治县农业农村局, 伊犁 835300
5. 青岛清原作物科学有限公司, 青岛 266000 | 丁新华dingxinhua1984@163.com；郭文超gwc1966@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确新疆绿洲灌区玉米田间杂草群落演替及原因,于2023年采用倒置“W”九点取样法对新疆5地州8个玉米主要种植县市玉米田杂草组成进行调查,并与2018年群落数据进行对比,分析2次调查时间节点之间以及由不覆膜逐渐改变为覆膜种植背景下的杂草演替规律。结果表明:稗Echinochloa crus-galli和灰绿藜Oxybasis glauca按不同年份和不同种植模式统计均是新疆绿洲灌区玉米田的优势杂草,其优势度始终排在前2位,综合优势度分别为15.30、18.52和12.03、11.54。2023年玉米田杂草群落物种丰富度和香农指数高于2018年,尤其是禾本科杂草种类增多,危害程度加重。在2018年禾本科杂草相对优势度≥1.00的只有稗、狗尾草Setaria viridis和牛筋草Eleusine indica 3种;2023年则为5种,新增物种包括画眉草Eragrostis pilosa和芦苇Phragmites australis,另外,田旋花Convolvulus arvensis和播娘蒿Descurainia sophia发生加重,已演替为优势杂草,其相对优势度由2018年的4.87和3.18上升为2023年的6.96和6.47。调查还发现,覆膜滴灌种植模式下玉米田优势杂草总密度显著低于不覆膜种植,而香农指数、物种丰富度和均匀度指数均高于不覆膜种植。综合分析,新疆绿洲灌区玉米田杂草群落演替因素主要包括种植模式［覆膜种植(覆膜滴灌)、不覆膜种植(不覆膜滴灌和漫灌)］、用药种类、用药方式和用药频次等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the succession and causes of weed community changes in corn fields in oasis irrigation areas of Xinjiang, a survey was conducted using an inverted “W” nine-point sampling method in 2023 across eight major corn-growing counties and cities in five prefectural regions of Xinjiang. The weed population succession between the two time points (2018 and 2023) and different planting patterns (from non-mulch to film mulch planting) were analyzed. The results showed that Echinochloa crus-galli and Oxybasis glauca have consistently been the abundance weeds in these corn fields in different years and under different planting patterns. Their comprehensive dominance always ranked in the top two, with values of 15.30, 18.52 and 12.03, 11.54, respectively. Both the Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices for the weed community in 2023 were higher than those in 2018, particularly, the species and infestation levels of Poaceae weeds gradually increased. In 2018, there were only three species of gramineous weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria viridis, and Eleusine indica) with a relative advantage greater than 1, while in 2023, there were 5 species, including new additions such as Eragrostis pilosa, Phragmites australis. Notably, the occurrence of Convolvulus arvensis and Descurainia sophia is more serious, and become dominant weeds with increasing relative abundance from 4.87 and 3.18 in 2018 to 6.96 and 6.47 in 2023. Compared to non-mulched planting, the total density of weeds in mulched corn fields is significantly lower, while the Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, and evenness index are all higher than those under non-mulched planting pattern. The comprehensive analysis indicated that the succession of weed communities in corn fields in Xinjiang’s oasis irrigation areas is primarily influenced by factors such as cultivation modes of corn (e.g., film mulch planting with drip irrigation, non-mulched planting with drip or flood irrigation), type of herbicides, and their application methods and frequencies. |
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