| 刘秭一1, 王殿轩1*, 马 雪1, 李 梦1, 唐培安2.感染隐蔽性害虫玉米象的稻谷、糙米和大米微环境中二氧化碳浓度变化[J].植物保护,2024,50(5):97-105. |
| 感染隐蔽性害虫玉米象的稻谷、糙米和大米微环境中二氧化碳浓度变化 |
| Variation of carbon dioxide concentration in the microenvironment of paddy rice, brown rice, and milled rice infested by hidden pest, Sitophilus zeamais Mostchulsky |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-11 修订日期：2024-04-15 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2023518 |
| 中文关键词: 稻谷 糙米 大米 玉米象 隐蔽虫态 二氧化碳浓度 |
| 英文关键词:paddy rice brown rice milled rice Sitophilus zeamais hidden insect stages carbon dioxide concentration |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2017YFC1600800） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 粮食中隐蔽性害虫早检早治可更好地避免粮食损失, 明确粮堆中因害虫代谢产生的二氧化碳与稻米中隐蔽性害虫感染度的关系有助于隐蔽害虫快速检测。本研究分别以内含玉米象卵、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫、蛹和粒内成虫的稻谷、糙米和大米按0、5、10头/kg和20头/kg密度混于无虫稻谷、糙米和大米中检测其中二氧化碳浓度。24 h时, 无虫粮二氧化碳浓度仅为0.04%, 含5、10头/kg和20头/kg卵和1龄幼虫的稻谷、糙米和大米中二氧化碳浓度为0.042%～0.055%; 含2龄幼虫相应密度稻谷中二氧化碳浓度为0.127%、0.246%和0.425%, 糙米中为0.145%、0.234%和0.483%, 大米中为0.134%、0.246%和0.438%; 含3龄幼虫相应密度稻谷中二氧化碳浓度为0.292%、0.425%和0.677%, 糙米中为0.303%、0.482%和0.670%, 大米中为0.292%、0.463%和0.668%; 含蛹相应密度稻谷中二氧化碳浓度为0.095%、0.237%和0.381%, 糙米中为0.082%、0.223%、0.430%, 大米中为0.096%、0.235%和0.385%; 含羽化成虫相应密度下稻谷中二氧化碳浓度为0.125%、0.215%、0.494%, 糙米中为0.151%、0.235%、0.557%, 大米中为0.131%、0.221%、0.503%。结果表明, 稻谷、糙米和大米感染隐蔽虫态的玉米象24 h, 环境二氧化碳浓度在0.15%以下为轻度感染(除蛹期外, 此时玉米象多处于卵、1龄幼虫以及密度5头/kg及以下的2龄幼虫，为害虫发生初期或低密度感染状态), 浓度为0.2%～0.4%时为中度感染(此时玉米象多处于2龄幼虫期，虫口密度10头/kg左右), 浓度达0.55%以上时为严重感染(此时玉米象多处于3龄幼虫期，虫口密度20头/kg左右)。中度和严重感染时可在12 h检测到其显著变化。比较结果显示, 糙米最容易被隐蔽的玉米象取食并产生较多气体, 其次为大米和稻谷。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Early detection and treatment of hidden insect pests in grain can prevent grain losses. Understanding the relationship between carbon dioxide produced by the metabolism of pests in hidden life stages and infestation levels in cereals is helpful for rapid detection. Paddy rice, brown rice, and milled rice containing Sitophilus zeamais Mostchulsky eggs, first instar larvae, second instar larvae, third instar larvae, pupae, and adults in kernels mixed into insect-free paddy rice, brown rice, and milled rice at densities of 0, 5, 10, and 20 larvae per kilogram of grain were measured for carbon dioxide concentration. The carbon dioxide concentration in insect-free cereal bulk was only 0.04%. In the stored microenviroment of paddy rice, brown rice, and milled rice containing S.zeamais at densities of 5, 10, and 20 larvae per kilogram of cereals, the carbon dioxide concentration ranged from 0.042% to 0.055% for eggs and first instar larvae infestation. For second instar larvae infestation corresponded to 5, 10, and 20 larvae per kilogram of cereals, the carbon dioxide concentrations were 0.127%, 0.246%, and 0.425% in paddy rice; 0.145%, 0.234%, and 0.483% in brown rice; and 0.134%, 0.246%, and 0.438% in milled rice, respectively. For third instar larvae infestation, carbon dioxide concentrations were 0.292%, 0.425%, and 0.677% in paddy rice; 0.303%, 0.482%, and 0.670% in brown rice; and 0.292%, 0.463%, and 0.668% in milled rice. For pupa infestation, the carbon dioxide concentrations were 0.095%, 0.237%, and 0.381% in paddy rice; 0.082%, 0.223%, and 0.430% in brown rice; and 0.096%, 0.235%, and 0.385% in milled rice. For adult infestation in kernels, carbon dioxide concentrations were 0.125%, 0.215%, and 0.494% in paddy rice; 0.151%, 0.235%, and 0.557% in brown rice; and 0.131%, 0.221%, and 0.503% in milled rice. The results indicate that when paddy rice, brown rice, and milled rice were infested by S.zeamais, carbon dioxide concentrations can be detected within 24 h, and concentrations below 0.15% correspond to light infestations of immature stages (excluding pupal stage), concentrations between 0.2% and 0.4% resulted in moderate infestation (corresponding to second instar larvae, 10 larvae per kilogram cereals), and concentrations exceeding 0.55% caused heavy infestations (corresponding to third instar larvae stage, 20 larvae per kilogram rice). Significant changes can also be detected in moderate and heavy infestations within 12 h. Brown rice was found to be the most susceptible to S.zeamais larvae, with higher carbon dioxide production, followed by milled rice and paddy rice. |
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