| 郑丽1, 黄啟良1, 陆宴辉1, 2*.新疆棉花病虫害防治药剂剂型研发策略[J].植物保护,2024,50(2):1-9. |
| 新疆棉花病虫害防治药剂剂型研发策略 |
| Research and development strategy for pesticide formulations targetting cotton diseases and insect pests in Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-01 修订日期：2023-04-20 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2023099 |
| 中文关键词: 新疆 棉花 气候条件 病虫害 化学防治 剂型研发 |
| 英文关键词:Xinjiang cotton climatic conditions diseases and insect pests chemical control pesticide formulation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400300); 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-20) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 棉花是我国重要的经济作物,也是受病虫害危害最严重的农作物之一。目前化学防治仍是棉田病虫害防治的重要技术。新疆棉区是我国最大的棉花主产区,气候类型属于典型的温带大陆性气候,具有光照充足、夏季高温干旱、多风、昼夜温差大等特殊气候特点,农药药液喷施过程中容易发生蒸发、飘移、降解等损失,严重影响药剂的防治效果。本文综述了温湿度、风、光照等环境因子对药剂防治效果的影响,以及国内外对提升药剂防治效果采取的调控措施,并结合新疆棉田的特殊气候条件提出了剂型研发的新策略。在提升产品理化稳定性的前提下,还需综合考虑有效成分的理化性质、棉花叶片的结构及润湿特性、施药器械等多种因素。结合农药学、植物保护学、界面化学、有机化学等多学科交叉理论知识指导,利用先进的技术和载体材料研发环境响应型、靶向高效的农药剂型,结合配套使用技术及措施,探索农药高效利用及减量调控途径,为实现农药减量增效、引领棉花产业绿色发展提供科技支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Cotton is an important economic crop in China and is one of the crops most severely damaged by diseases and insect pests. At present, chemical control remains the most important pest control technology in cotton field. Xinjiang cotton region, for its typical temperate continental climate, is the largest cotton-producing area in China. It exhibits unique climate characteristics, including sufficient sunlight, high temperatures, drought, windy weather, and significant day-night temperature variations in the summer. Pesticide droplets is prone to evaporation, drift, degradation and other problems in the process of spraying, which seriously affect the effectiveness of pesticide applications. This paper summarized the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, and light on pesticide application effectiveness. It also discussed domestic and international control measures for improving pesticide application efficiency. Moreover, it puts forward a new strategy for the research and development of pesticide formulations according to the specific climatic conditions in cotton fields in Xinjiang. In addition to improving the physical and chemical stability of the product, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider the physical and chemical properties of the active ingredients, the structure and wetting characteristics of cotton leaves, and the pesticide application equipment. Under the guidance of the interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge, encompassing pesticide science, plant protection science, interface chemistry, and organic chemistry, environmentally intelligent, targeted, and highly efficient pesticide formulations were developed by using advanced technology and carrier materials. Combined with supporting technologies and measures, it aims to explore efficient pesticide utilization and reduction strategies, providing scientific and technological support to achieve pesticide reduction and highly efficient utilization, thereby leading the green development of the cotton industry. |
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