| 李香菊.我国耐除草剂转基因作物研发与产业化应用前景[J].植物保护,2023,49(5):316-324. |
| 我国耐除草剂转基因作物研发与产业化应用前景 |
| Development of herbicide tolerant crops and their commercialization in China |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-11 修订日期：2023-09-22 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2023473 |
| 中文关键词: 耐除草剂转基因作物 草甘膦 草害治理 产业化种植 |
| 英文关键词:herbicide tolerant transgenic crops glyphosate weed control commercialization |
| 基金项目:科技创新2030-重大项目(2022ZD0402102) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 129 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基因重组技术的发展突破了作物有性杂交的限制, 为培育耐除草剂作物提供了新途径。转基因作物种植产生了显著的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益, 种植面积迅速增长。全球转基因作物1996年仅170万hm2, 2022年种植面积扩大到2.022亿hm2, 增加了近120倍。面积最大的前5个国家转基因作物种植比例均在90%以上, 阿根廷种植比例接近100%, 耐除草剂性状一直是转基因作物的主要性状。2008年, 我国启动了转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项, 利用生物育种技术研发出中黄6106、DBN8002、DBN9936、DBN9858、DBN3601T等多个含有耐除草剂草甘膦基因的转化体, 并获得农业转基因生物生产应用安全证书。2021年-2023年, 我国在云南、内蒙古等地开展了转基因作物试点种植, 结果表明, 草甘膦在上述转化体及其衍生品种上应用, 除草效果好、增产节本优势明显, 适合不同的轮作与栽培模式。本文概述全球转基因作物的研发和商业化应用情况, 分析我国农田杂草危害现状及防控需求, 结合具体国情和转基因耐除草剂作物应用需求, 论述其在我国产业化应用的前景, 以期为转基因耐除草剂作物的研究、种植和草害可持续控制提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Discovery of recombinant DNA technologies has broken the barriers of crop sexual hybridization in breeding of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops, which have brought significant economic, social, and ecological benefits, with a rapid increase in planting area. The global commercial growing area of genetically modified (GM) crops has made continuing growth and the total growing area expanded to 202.2 million hectares in 2022, an increase of nearly 120 times compared to those in 1996 (1.7 million hectares). Application of GM crops in the top five countries with the largest area all have a planting proportion over 90%, while Argentina has a planting rate approaching 100%. Herbicide tolerance has always been the main trait of GM crops. China launched the major special fund for National GMO New Variety Breeding Program in 2008, to develop events containing glyphosate tolerant gene, such as Zhonghuang 6106, DBN8002, DBN9936, DBN9858, DBN3601T, and obtained the approvals of agricultural GMO’s safety certificate for cultivation use issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC. From 2021 to 2023, China carried out the field demonstration of transgenic crops in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia and other three provinces. The results showed that the application of glyphosate on these events and cultivars not only resulted high control efficacy of weed, increased crop yield and saved cost, but also contributed to soybean-corn intercropping pattern and crop rotation. In this article, the global development and commercialization of GM crops were summarized and the situation in the demand of weed control in China was analyzed, the development and prospective strategies have been proposed, which would provide references for the research, development and management of herbicide tolerant crops. |
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