| 鲍 安, 杨心怡, 苏宏华, 周福才, 景田兴, 杨益众, 张 帅*.Hap1型棉蚜在5种春季杂草上的生长发育情况[J].植物保护,2023,49(1):187-192. |
| Hap1型棉蚜在5种春季杂草上的生长发育情况 |
| Growth and development of Hap1 type Aphis gossypii on five spring weeds |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-13 修订日期：2022-09-19 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2022490 |
| 中文关键词: 早春棉田 杂草 寄主 生命表 发育历期 |
| 英文关键词:early spring cotton field weed host life table developmental duration |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31972355） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是重要的棉花 Gossypium hirsutum 和葫芦科蔬菜害虫, 严重影响寄主植物的生长发育、产量和品质。棉蚜在冬季寄主上产卵越冬, 早春孵化后进行寄主转移扩散。阿拉伯婆婆纳 Veronica persica、猪殃殃 Galium spurium、飞蓬 Erigeron canadensis 等是早春时期的优势杂草, 可能是棉蚜向棉花转移过程中的中间寄主。本试验选用Hap1型棉蚜, 记录其取食棉花以及阿拉伯婆婆纳、猪殃殃、飞蓬、荠菜 Capsella bursa-pastoris、飞廉 Carduus nutans 等5种早春优势杂草时的生长发育、产仔量等数据, 并通过计算、对比各组的生命表参数, 从而得出Hap1型棉蚜在此5种春季杂草上的适合度。试验表明, Hap1型棉蚜在不同寄主上的若虫发育历期及各龄若虫的发育时间存在明显差异。相较于取食棉花叶片的Hap1型棉蚜, 取食杂草的棉蚜总生殖前期缩短0.2~0.9 d, 每雌生殖力最多减少50%。Hap1型棉蚜取食5种杂草及棉花的生命表参数显示, Hap1型棉蚜最适寄主为棉花, 寿命比取食杂草高0.4~0.9倍。Hap1型棉蚜在杂草上能建立种群, 内禀增长率高于0.29。Hap1型棉蚜在取食荠菜时体型最大, 其平均体长可达1 100 μm以上, 取食其余4种杂草的棉蚜平均体长与取食棉花叶片的棉蚜没有显著差异。体宽方面除了取食飞蓬叶片的棉蚜较小以外, 其余均无明显差别。本研究证实春季杂草可以作为Hap1型棉蚜的寄主, 可能是棉花苗蚜的重要虫源地。研究结果对于揭示棉蚜寄主间转移规律, 制定棉花苗蚜防治策略具有重要的意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aphis gossypii Glover is an important pest of cotton and gourd vegetable, which seriously affects the growth and development, yield and quality of cotton and gourd vegetable. Aphis gossypii lays eggs on the winter host for overwintering and transfers to the other hosts after hatching in early spring. The dominant weeds in early spring, such as Veronica persica, Galium spurium and Erigeron canadensis, may serve as intermediate hosts during the transfer of cotton aphid to cotton. In this experiment, Hap1 type A. gossypii was allowed to feed on cotton and other five early-spring dominant weeds, including V. persica, G. spurium, E. canadensis, C. bursa-pastoris and C. nutans and the parameters of growth and development and reproduction of A. gossypii were recorded. The life table parameters of each group were calculated and compared. Thus, suitability of Hap1 type A. gossypii on these five spring weeds were obtained. The results showed that the developmental duration of nymphs of Hap1 type A. gossypii on different hosts was obviously different, and the developmental time of each instar was also quite different. Compared with Hap1 type A. gossypii feeding on cotton leaves, the total pre-oviposition period was shortened by 0.2-0.9 d and the reproduction was reduced by 50% at most. The results of life table parameters of Hap1 type A. gossypii feeding on five kinds of weeds and cotton showed that the best host for Hap1 type A. gossypii was cotton, and its life span was about 0.4-0.9 times longer than that of feeding on weeds. Hap1 type A. gossypii could establish population on weeds with intrinsic growth rate higher than 0.29. Hap1 type A. gossypii had the largest body size when feeding on C. bursa-pastoris, and the average body length of Hap1 type A. gossypii was over 1 100 μm. The average body length of Hap1 type A. gossypii on the other four weeds show insignificant difference with that on cotton leaves. There was no significant difference in body width, except for the aphid which fed on the leaf of E. canadensis . In this study, we confirmed that weeds can be used as hosts of A. gossypii in spring, which may be an important insect source for cotton seedling aphid. The above results are of great significance for revealing the law of transfer between A. gossypii hosts and formulating the control strategy of A. gossypii . |
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