| 李 涛1, 袁国徽1, 钱振官1, 杨伟萍2, 范洁群1*.外来入侵恶性杂草牛筋草的化学防除药剂评价筛选[J].植物保护,2022,48(3):349-356. |
| 外来入侵恶性杂草牛筋草的化学防除药剂评价筛选 |
| Evaluation and screening of herbicides for controlling exotic invasive weed Eleusine indica |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-29 修订日期：2021-02-09 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021063 |
| 中文关键词: 杂草防除 外来入侵杂草 牛筋草 茎叶处理除草剂 |
| 英文关键词:weed control exotic invasive weed Eleusine indica post-emergence herbicide |
| 基金项目:上海市科技兴农推广项目［沪农科推字(2018)第4-14号］；上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划［沪农科卓(2022)009,017］；国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 牛筋草是全球危害最严重的5种杂草之一,为了筛选防除牛筋草的高效除草剂品种,采用温室盆栽法和田间小区试验测定了10种苗后除草剂对牛筋草的除草活性及防除效果。盆栽试验结果表明,30%苯唑草酮SC和40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD对牛筋草防效优异,ED90分别为8.7 g/hm2和19.4 g/hm2(有效成分,下同),约为各自登记低剂量的1/3和1/2。100 g/L氰氟草酯EC、10%噁唑酰草胺EC、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、120 g/L烯草酮EC和10%精喹禾灵EC对牛筋草具有较好的防效,ED90分别为68.9、80.5、50.0、54.2 g/hm2和48.6 g/hm2,与各自的登记低剂量相当或略低。25%啶嘧磺隆WG和11%三氟啶磺隆OD对牛筋草的防效较差,ED90分别为115.0 g/hm2和112.4 g/hm2,约为各自登记高剂量的1.5倍和2.3倍。75%硝磺草酮WG对牛筋草的防效很差,ED90为742.6 g/hm2,是其登记高剂量的3.3倍。田间试验结果表明,40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD 40.2 g/hm2、30%苯唑草酮SC 22.5 g/hm2、100 g/L氰氟草酯EC 75 g/hm2、10%噁唑酰草胺EC 90 g/hm2、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW 51.75 g/hm2、120 g/L烯草酮EC 63 g/hm2和10%精喹禾灵EC 60 g/hm2对牛筋草的鲜重抑制率均大于90％,且对供试作物生长安全。综上,玉米田牛筋草防除可选择30%苯唑草酮SC或40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD;稻田牛筋草防除可选择100 g/L氰氟草酯EC或10%噁唑酰草胺EC;草坪绿地中的牛筋草可根据草坪草种类选择69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW防除,选择25%啶嘧磺隆WG或11%三氟啶磺隆OD防除草坪上的牛筋草时,需大幅提高使用剂量才能获得理想的防效;蔬菜、花生、棉花以及果树等阔叶作物田牛筋草的防除可选择120 g/L烯草酮EC、10%精喹禾灵EC或69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Eleusine indica is one of the five most harmful weeds in the world. Experiments were conducted to determine the control efficacy of 10 post-emergence herbicides against E. indica. Greenhouse experiments showed that topramezone 30% SC and nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD had excellent control effects on E. indica, with the ED90 values of 8.7 g/hm2and 19.4 g/hm2 (active ingredient, the same below), respectively, which were about 1/3 and 1/2 of the low dose recommended on their respective labels. Cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC, metamifop 10% EC, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW, clethodim 120 g/L EC, and quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC had good control effects on E. indica, and the ED90 values were 68.9, 80.5, 50.0, 54.2 g/hm2 and 48.6 g/hm2, respectively, which was equivalent to or slightly lower than the low dose recommended on their respective labels. Flazasulfuron 25% WG and trifloxysulfuron sodium 11% OD had poor control effects on E. indica, and the ED90 values were 115.0 g/hm2and 112.4 g/hm2, respectively, which were about 1.5 and 2.3 times of the high dose recommended on their respective labels. Mesotrione 75% WG had a very poor control effect on E. indica, with the ED90 value of 742.6 g/hm2, which was about 3.3 times of the high dose recommended on its label. Field trials showed that the control efficacies of nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD 40.2 g/hm2, topramezone 30% SC 22.5 g/hm2, cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC 75 g/hm2, metamifop 10% EC 90 g/hm2, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW 51.75 g/hm2, clethodim 120 g/L EC 63 g/hm2, and quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC 60 g/hm2 were all greater than 90%. In summary, topramezone 30% SC or nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD can be applied to control E. indica in corn field, cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC or metamifop 10% EC can be selected for control of E. indica in paddy field, and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW can be selected to control E. indica in the lawn. When flazasulfuron 25% WG or trifloxysulfuron sodium 11% OD were applied to control E. indica in the lawn, it is necessary to greatly increase the dosage to obtain the ideal control effect. E. indica in broad-leaved crop fields, such as vegetables, peanuts, cotton and fruit trees, can be controlled by clethodim 120 g/L EC, quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC or fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW. |
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