| 李 涛1, 袁国徽1, 钱振官1, 杨伟萍2, 范洁群1*.7种苗后除草剂对菵草的除草活性以及对小麦的安全性评价[J].植物保护,2022,48(2):303-308. |
| 7种苗后除草剂对菵草的除草活性以及对小麦的安全性评价 |
| Evaluation of biological activity of 7 post-emergence herbicides against Beckmannia syzigachne and their safety to wheat |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-14 修订日期：2021-02-08 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021034 |
| 中文关键词: 菵草 小麦 茎叶处理剂 除草活性 安全性 |
| 英文关键词:Beckmannia syzigachne wheat post-emergence herbicide weed control efficacy safety |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划 (2018YFD0200500); 上海市科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字 (2018) 第4-14号]; 上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划 [沪农科卓 (2022)017] |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了筛选对菵草高效且对小麦安全的除草剂品种, 采用温室盆栽法测定了7种苗后除草剂对菵草的除草活性以及对小麦的安全性?结果表明, 5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP对菵草防效优异, ED90仅为各自田间登记低剂量的1/3和1/2; 50%异丙隆WP和7.5%啶磺草胺WG对菵草防效较好, ED90与各自田间登记高剂量相当; 69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW?30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和70%氟唑磺隆WG对菵草的防效相对较差, ED90约为各自田间登记高剂量的2.6?1.4倍和1.5倍?小麦安全性测定结果表明, 5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP在小麦和菵草之间的选择性指数最高, 分别为8.7和7.0; 其次是50%异丙隆WP?7.5%啶磺草胺WG和70%氟唑磺隆WG, 选择性指数分别为3.3?2.3和2.2; 69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW和30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD在小麦和菵草之间的选择性指数均小于2?综合考虑除草效果及安全性, 5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP可作为小麦田防除菵草的优选药剂, 50%异丙隆WP和7.5%啶磺草胺WG可作为小麦田防除菵草的备选或轮换药剂, 而69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW?30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和70%氟唑磺隆WG不适合在以菵草为优势种群的小麦田使用? |
| 英文摘要: |
| Whole-plant dose-response experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the biological activity of seven post-emergence herbicides against Beckmannia syzigachne and their safety to wheat. The results showed that pinoxaden 5% EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP had excellent control efficacy on B.syzigachne, and the ED90 value was only 1/3 and 1/2 of the low dose registered on their respective labels. Isoproturon 50% WP and pyroxsulam 7.5% WG showed good control efficacy on B.syzigachne, and the ED90 value was equivalent to the high dose registered on their respective labels. The control efficacy of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW, mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD, and flucarbazone-sodium 70% WG on B.syzigachne was poor, and the ED90 value was about 2.6, 1.4 and 1.5 times of the high dose registered on their respective labels. Wheat safety test showed that the selectivity index SI of pinoxaden pinoxaden 5% EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP was the highest, with the SI value of 8.7 and 7.0, respectively. Followed by isoproturon 50% WP, pyroxsulam 7.5% WG, and flucarbazone-sodium 70% WG, and the SI value was 3.3, 2.3 and 2.2, respectively. The SI values of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW and mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD between wheat and B.syzigachne were both less than 2. Taking the control efficacy and safety into consideration, pinoxaden 5% EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15% WP could be used as the optimal herbicides for controlling B.syzigachne. Isoproturon 50% WP and pyroxsulam 7.5% WG could be used as alternative herbicides for controlling B.syzigachne. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW, mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD, and flucarbazone-sodium 70% WG are not suitable for controlling B.syzigachne in wheat fields. |
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