| 郭文磊, 张泰劼, 张 纯, 田兴山*.马唐种子萌发及幼苗建成对不同环境因子的响应[J].植物保护,2022,48(2):85-93. |
| 马唐种子萌发及幼苗建成对不同环境因子的响应 |
| Response of seed germination and seedling establishment of Digitaria sanguinalis to different environmental factors |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-05 修订日期：2021-03-01 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021007 |
| 中文关键词: 马唐 萌发 幼苗建成 水层 环境因子 |
| 英文关键词:Digitaria sanguinalis germination seedling establishment water layer environmental factors |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31901900); 广东省现代农业产业技术体系共性关键技术研发创新团队(2020KJ113); 广东省科技计划(2019B121201003); 广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项(高水平农科院建设)(R2017YJ-YB1003, R2018QD-061) |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 503 |
| 全文下载次数: 507 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 马唐是我国常见的旱田杂草之一, 然而近年来在部分地区直播稻田危害十分严重?本研究测定了马唐种子萌发和幼苗建成过程中对不同环境因子的响应特征, 以期为直播稻田马唐综合防控提供科学依据?结果表明:马唐在L∥D=12 h∥12 h, 光照/黑暗阶段温度分别为40℃/30℃?35℃/25℃?30℃/20℃?25℃/15℃?20℃/10℃的变温条件下均可萌发, 最适萌发温度组合为30℃/20℃; 光照不是马唐种子萌发的必需条件, 但对其萌发有一定的刺激作用; 马唐种子在pH 4~10条件下均可萌发, pH 7~10时萌发率均在90%以上; 渗透势为-0.6~0 Mpa时马唐种子萌发率在41.7%~98.3%, 渗透势为-0.8 Mpa及以下时基本无法萌发; 马唐对盐分胁迫的耐受能力较强, NaCl浓度为240 mmol/L时萌发率达20%; 马唐种子在土壤表面时出苗率最高(90%), 埋藏深度6 cm时无法出苗; 在水稻1~2叶期或2~3叶期保持2~3 cm水层并持续7 d以上, 可使马唐成苗率降至20%以下, 与对照相比干重抑制率在95%以上, 且对水稻生长无明显影响?马唐对不同环境因子具有较强的耐受能力, 适度翻耕及建立合适的水层可能有助于减轻马唐在直播稻田的危害? |
| 英文摘要: |
| Digitaria sanguinalis is one of the common weeds in upland fields in China. However, it has recently heavily infested some direct-sowing rice fields in parts of China. To provide scientific basis for integrated management of D.sanguinalis in direct-sowing rice fields, we analyzed and determined the responses of seed germination and seedling establishment to different environmental factors. The results showed that D.sanguinalis could germinate under the alternating day/night temperature of 40℃/30℃, 35℃/25℃, 30℃/20℃, 25℃/15℃, 20℃/10℃, and the maximum germination rate occurred at 30℃/20℃. Light was not an essential condition for D.sanguinalis germination, but it has a certain stimulating effect on germination of D. sanguinalis. Seed could germinate over a pH range of four to ten, and more than 90% germination rate was observed at pH values ranging from seven to ten. Seed germination rate was 41.7% to 98.3% when osmotic potential was -0.6-0 Mpa, but it was almost completely inhibited at osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa. D.sanguinalis was tolerant to salt stress, and 20% germination rate occurred at 240 mmol/L NaCl. Seedling emergence rate was highest (90%) when burial depth was 0 cm and no seedlings emerged when burial depth was 6 cm. When water layer was established at one- to two-leaf or two- to three-leaf stage of Oryza sativa with 2-3 cm water layer depth for a continuous period of 7 d or longer, seedling survival rates were lower than 20% and dry weights of aerial parts of D. sanguinalis reduced by more than 95%, while O. sativa was not significantly affected. Overall, D. sanguinalis exhibited strong tolerance to different environmental factors, and appropriate tillage or water layer treatment might be helpful for reducing D. sanguinalis damage in direct-sowing rice fields. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
