| 李志文1, 彭 恋2, 陈越华3, 李有志1*.南亚实蝇成虫空间分布型及抽样技术[J].植物保护,2022,48(2):69-77. |
| 南亚实蝇成虫空间分布型及抽样技术 |
| Spatial distribution pattern and sampling method for Zeugodacus tau (Walker) adult (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-23 修订日期：2021-03-18 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020691 |
| 中文关键词: 南亚实蝇 丝瓜 黄板 空间分布型 最适抽样数 绿色防控 |
| 英文关键词:Zeugodacus tau Luffa aegyptiaca yellow sticky tape spatial distribution pattern optimum sample size green prevention and control |
| 基金项目:湖南省现代农业发展专项(植物防疫防控)(湘财农指[2020]37号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau (Walker)是瓜果蔬菜上重要的检疫性害虫, 常导致严重的经济损失?本文旨在明确其在主要寄主作物(丝瓜?“苦瓜-桂花”系统)上的空间格局, 并根据最适理论抽样数制定了采样方案, 以便为该虫管理决策提供科学依据?于2020年7月和9月分别在立架栽培的丝瓜地和“苦瓜-桂花”系统采用黄板诱捕实蝇类害虫, 用非参数两独立样本t测验分析不同生境南亚实蝇雌?雄成虫种群密度的差异显著性, 用2个常用的聚集度指标(C和k)和2个回归模型(Taylor幂回归模型和Iwao的m*-m回归模型)分别分析雌虫?雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”的空间格局?共诱集实蝇成虫3 542头, “苦瓜-桂花”系统只诱集到南亚实蝇, 丝瓜地诱集到4种果实蝇, 其中南亚实蝇占97.2%, 为优势种?桂花树上的南亚实蝇雌虫种群密度显著高于苦瓜地 (Z=-2.932, P=0.003), 为后者的1.87倍; 丝瓜地样地Ⅱ中的雌虫种群密度显著大于样地Ⅰ(Z=-7.160, P<0.001), 为后者的3.13倍?回归分析表明, 对雌虫, Taylor的b和Iwao的β与1无显著差异(tc0, 说明个体间相互吸引, 分布的基本成分为个体群?对雄虫, α=0.018 ≈ 0, β和b>1(tc>tt), 揭示其呈聚集分布, 分布的基本成分为单个个体?“雌虫+雄虫” β和b>1(tc>tt), α>0, 显示其分布的基本成分为个体群, 个体群呈聚集分布?雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”的kc值分别为4.878和7.133, 进一步证明了二者呈聚集分布?Blackith种群聚集均数λ>2, 表明南亚实蝇成虫聚集是由其本身的行为习性与环境因子共同作用的结果?本文明确了南亚实蝇雌虫?雄虫和“雌虫+雄虫”差异化的分布格局, 并制定了理论抽样方案, 为南亚实蝇管理决策和绿色防控奠定了基础? |
| 英文摘要: |
| Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a key quarantine pest on fruits and vegetables, often causes serious economic losses. To provide a theoretical basis on pest management decisions of Z. tau, its spatial distribution patterns on its main host crops (Luffa aegyptiaca and Momordica charantia-Osmanthus fragrans system) was investigated, and a fixed-precision sampling plan was also presented. Yellow sticky tapes were used to trap fruit flies, which were placed in the farms of L. cylindrical and M. charantia-O. fragrans system in July and September 2020, respectively. Nonparametric two-independent-samples test (Mann-Whitney test) was used to analyze the difference of female and male densities of Z. tau from different habitats, and then two common aggregation indices (C and k) and two regression models (Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s patchiness regression) were used to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the female, male and female+male groups, respectively. A total of 3 542 adult fruit flies were trapped. Only Z. tau was collected from the M. charantia-O. fragrans system, while four species of fruit flies were collected from the two plots of L. cylindrical, among which Z. tau was the dominant species, accounting for 97.2%. The female population density of Z.tau in O. fragrans trees was 1.87 times of that in the farm of M. charantia, and the former was significantly higher than the latter (z=-2.932, P=0.003). There was also significant difference between the two plots of L. cylindrical: the female density of Z. tau in plot Ⅱ was 3.13 times of that in plot Ⅰ (z=-7.160, P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference between Taylor’s b or Iwao’s β and 1 (tc0), indicating a tendency to crowding among individuals. Iwao’s α was 0.018 (≈ 0), and β and b were both greater than 1 (tc>tt) for male, indicating that the male adults had an aggregated spatial distribution and the basic distribution component was male individuals. For female+male group, α was greater than 0, and β and b were both greater than 1 (tc>tt), indicating a tendency to crowding among individuals and an aggregated dispersion pattern of Z. tau adults. These results were further supported by the calculated kc values, which were 4.878 and 7.133 for male and female+male groups, respectively. Since the clump size value (λ) was more than 2, the adults’ aggregated distribution might be resulted from the combined effect of behavior and environmental factors. This study showed that there were different distribution patterns among female, male and female+male populations of Z. tau. The improved knowledge of the behavior coupled with the development of scientific sampling plans provides a foundation for pest management decisions and green prevention and control of Z. tau. |
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