| 李世东.植物医学:我国农业现代化进程中的病害治理挑战､机遇和创新[J].植物保护,2022,48(2):1-8. |
| 植物医学:我国农业现代化进程中的病害治理挑战､机遇和创新 |
| Phytomedicine:Challenges, opportunities and innovation in management of plant diseases for sustainable agricultural development in China |
| 投稿时间：2021-10-28 修订日期：2021-12-20 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021595 |
| 中文关键词: 农业现代化 病害 病原学说 植物医学 可持续发展 |
| 英文关键词:agricultural modernization disease occurrence germ theory phytomedicine sustainable development |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2019YDF1002000); 国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-C04); 广西重点研发计划(桂科AB21220030) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在我国的农业现代化进程中, 病害问题已经演变成为制约我国种植业可持续发展的重要因素之一, 而建立在“病原学说”基础之上的病理学理论以及在其指导下形成的各类以“杀(抑)菌”为首要目标的防治措施难以应对当前病害严重发生的复杂局面?本文剖析了当前我国农业生产上病害严重发生的原因, 认为主要是由于生产者在经济利益的驱动下, 主观上对土?肥?水等自然资源进行掠夺性经营, 实践中采取连年单一种植和化学品持续大量投入等不良栽培措施, 导致农田理?化?生物学性状严重劣化和生态失衡, 从而引发作物严重衰弱?“易感”和环境的极端“利病”所致?基于此, 笔者倡导以重视寄主生理状态和不良环境因素的影响为重要内容的病害发生的“全面病因学说”以及以此为核心内容和基础的“植物保健医学”的发展, 并对相关概念?历史和成功案例作了简介?在具体防病实践上笔者倡导以健康栽培为核心的作物病害综合治理策略及其应用, 即一方面设法减少传统“病原物”的数量累积和阻断侵染, 另一方面更加注重农田生态系统中理?化和生物学性状的改善, 以重塑?促进和维护农田生态平衡, 进而实现增强寄主抗性?促进寄主植物生长和防病治病的目标?上述观点是对传统病理学病害防治理论的补充?完善和必要的修正, 对我国现代农业的可持续发展具有重要意义? |
| 英文摘要: |
| Diseases are becoming greatly important factors limiting sustainable agricultural development in China. The ways targeting suppression and/or elimination of causal pathogens, developed on the bases of classical phytopathology with “germ theory” as its cornerstone, are not so effective and acceptable for management of the diseases in many cases. The author recognized that the occurrence of diseases is largely due to the weakness of crop growth, high susceptibility of hosts, and a disease-favorable environment formed in the current agricultural ecosystem whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics have suffered from a serious deterioration. These are mainly caused by growers’ predatory operations, driven by profits, on soil fertility, water and other natural resources, as well as many improper cultural practices, such as persistent monoculture and massive chemical input. In this case, the author here highly esteemed a previously proposed theory “thoroughgoing etiology”, which emphasized the critical roles of unusual conditions in crop physiology and environment favorable to the diseases. The author also attached great importance to the development of the concept “plant preventative medicine” derived from this theory and introduced several cases which have successfully applied this concept to practices in crop production. Furthermore, the author suggested an integrated crop management (ICM) concept focusing on the appropriate cultural practices favorable to the growth and development of crops in agricultural ecosystems, i.e., trying to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics, reshaping and maintaining ecological balance, and consequently gaining an increment in crop resistance/tolerance against the diseases and a promotion of crop yield/quality, in addition to suppression of pathogenic microbes. This is a supplement, amendment or revision of classical Phytopathology, and is of great significance in sustainable disease management and agricultural development. |
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