| 吴兴仙1#, 严牙丽1#, 沈云峰2, 傅杨1, 李铷1, 汤东生1*.除草剂对蚕豆、油菜田小籽虉草的防除效果和安全性评价[J].植物保护,2021,47(6):339-346. |
| 除草剂对蚕豆、油菜田小籽虉草的防除效果和安全性评价 |
| Control effect and crop safety of herbicides on Phalaris minor in broad bean and oilseed rape field |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-06 修订日期：2020-10-27 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020424 |
| 中文关键词: 小籽虉草 阔叶作物田 除草剂 |
| 英文关键词:Phalaris minor broadleaved crop field herbicide |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31660555）；云南省科技惠民计划专项（2016RA007） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 小籽虉草Phalaris minor是近年来危害云南中西部地区冬季作物田的恶性杂草。云南冬季作物以阔叶作物为主, 有必要开展在阔叶作物田小籽虉草的化学防除效果研究。本研究在室内和田间测试了108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、150 g/L精吡氟禾草灵EC、10%精喹禾灵EC、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、240 g/L烯草酮EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC、5%唑啉草酯EC等7种阔叶作物田茎叶处理剂对小籽虉草的防效以及对油菜和蚕豆的安全性。室内研究结果表明, 药后30 d, 5%唑啉草酯EC、12.5%烯禾啶EC、10%精喹禾灵EC在推荐剂量作用下对小籽虉草的鲜重防效超过90%, 杂草植株表现明显枯死症状, 并且安全性指数均大于2; 240 g/L烯草酮EC的株防效较差, 鲜重防效也低于50%; 其他药剂的鲜重防效为80%左右。田间药效试验表明, 5%唑啉草酯EC防效最优, 接近95%, 108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC和12.5%烯禾啶EC等防效能达到90%, 其他药剂的防效也超过80%, 所有药剂对油菜和蚕豆均安全。以上结果表明, 当前大多数阔叶作物田禾本科杂草除草剂对小籽虉草高效, 对作物安全, 控制小籽虉草的备选除草剂品种较多。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Little seed canarygrass Phalaris minor is an invasive winter annual weed in west and middle Yunnan province, and broadleaved crops are mainly cultivated crop in winter, thus it is necessary to evaluate chemical control effect on little seed canarygrass in broadleaved crop field. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were carried out to evaluate control effect of seven post-emergence herbicides, i.e. haloxyfop-R-methyl 108 g/L EC, fluazifop-P-butyl 150 g/L EC, quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW, clethodim 240 g/L EC, sethoxydim 12.5% EC and pinoxaden 5% EC on little seed canarygrass and safety on broad bean and oilseed rape. The results showed that fresh weight control efficacies of pinoxaden 5% EC, quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC and sethoxydim 12.5% EC at the recommended dosage on little seed canarygrass were all above 90% 30 days after application. Moreover, plants showed wither death symptom and the security indexes to broad bean and oilseed rape were above two. While the fresh weight control efficacy of clethodim 240 g/L EC was below 50% and the performance of plant control effect was not well either. The fresh weight control efficacies of other herbicides were all around 80%. Field experiments showed that plant control efficacy of pinoxaden 5% EC was above 95%. Efficacies of haloxyfop-R-methyl 108 g/L EC and sethoxydim 12.5% EC were almost 90%, and those of other herbicides were above 80%. All herbicides were safe to broad bean and oilseed rape. It was indicated that most herbicides for grass control in broadleaved crop field were effective to control little seed canarygrass and safe to broadleaved crop, therefore, many herbicide varieties can be selected for the little seed canarygrass control. |
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