| 甘林1, 代玉立1, 卢学松1, 滕振勇2, 陈伟2, 杨秀娟1*.闽南山区鲜食玉米叶斑病季节性流行动态及药剂防治[J].植物保护,2021,47(6):213-222. |
| 闽南山区鲜食玉米叶斑病季节性流行动态及药剂防治 |
| Seasonal epidemic dynamics and chemical control of leaf spot diseases on fresh corn in the mountain area of the south Fujian |
| 投稿时间：2020-09-12 修订日期：2020-10-10 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020486 |
| 中文关键词: 鲜食玉米 叶斑病 小斑病 大斑病 南方锈病 流行动态 药剂防治 |
| 英文关键词:fresh corn leaf spot disease southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) southern corn rust (SCR) epidemic dynamics chemical control |
| 基金项目:福建省属公益类科研院所专项（2018R1025-1）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0200706）；福建省农业科学院植物保护创新团队（STIT2017-1-8） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2018年和2019年，在田间条件下采用目测法系统调查研究了福建省南部山区鲜食玉米小斑病、大斑病和南方锈病3种重要叶斑病的季节性流行动态, 测定了不同玉米品种的病情严重度及几种杀菌剂对病害的防治效果。结果表明, 在试验调查的4个玉米种植季节, 3种叶斑病的病情指数随种植时间均呈“S”型曲线, 至乳熟期(R3)病情指数达到最大值, 大喇叭口期(V12)至籽粒建成期(R2)是病情快速发展的关键时期, 但不同年份、不同季节3种病害的时空流行趋势、植株不同叶位病级分布规律及其最终病情各不相同。当玉米生育期平均温度高于23.0 ℃时, 有利于小斑病和南方锈病的发生, 而平均温度低于23.0 ℃条件下则有利于大斑病的流行。供试的20个玉米品种对不同病害表现的抗性差异较大, 其中对小斑病、大斑病和南方锈病表现为中感和感病的品种合计分别占65.0%、55.0%和25.0%。此外, 从12种杀菌剂处理中, 筛选出430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、400 g/L氟硅唑乳油、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油、30%肟菌·戊唑醇悬浮剂、吡唑醚菌酯+戊唑醇混剂(商品剂量5∶8)对小斑病、大斑病和南方锈病的防治效果较好, 防效分别达70.0%、82.0%和85.0%以上。上述研究结果可为福建省鲜食玉米叶斑病的预测预报及合理防控提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The seasonal epidemic dynamics of three important leaf spot diseases including southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) and southern corn rust (SCR) on fresh corn in the mountain area of the south Fujian were investigated by visual observation in 2018 and 2019. The disease severity of different corn varieties and the control efficacy of fungicides were also determined. The results indicated that the disease index of three leaf spot diseases showed “S” curve with planting time, which reached the maximum value at milk stage (R3). The period from trumpet stage (V12) to seed stage (R2) is the critical period for rapid development to the three leaf spot diseases at four investigated planting seasons. However, the temporal and spatial epidemic trends, the distribution of disease damage level on different leaf positions and the final disease index of three leaf spot diseases were different at different seasons of different years. It’s beneficial to the occurrence of SCLB and SCR at the average temperature of above 23.0 ℃, which is favorable for the epidemics of NCLB at the temperature of below 23.0 ℃ at corn growing stage. The tested 20 varieties exhibited different disease resistance, and the middle susceptible and susceptible varieties to SCLB, NCLB and SCR accounted for 65.0%, 55.0% and 25.0%, respectively. In addition, five fungicides with higher control efficacies were selected in the tested 12 fungicides, including tebuconazole 430 g/L SC, flusilazole 400 g/L EC, pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC, trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 30% SC and the mixture of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole (5∶8), and their control efficacies to SCLB, NCLB and SCR were higher than 70.0%, 82.0% and 85.0%, respectively. The results could provide scientific basis for forecast and the reasonable prevention to leaf spot disease in fresh corn in Fujian province. |
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