| 李 涛1, 孟丹丹2, 郭水良2, 袁国徽1, 钱振官1,杨伟萍3, 范洁群1*, 吕卫光1*.“花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式对杂草发生的影响及除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性评价[J].植物保护,2021,47(5):275-281. |
| “花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式对杂草发生的影响及除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性评价 |
| Effects of cauliflower-earthworm co-culture farming on weed occurrence and acute toxicity evaluation of herbicides on earthworm |
| 投稿时间：2020-06-30 修订日期：2020-09-16 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020340 |
| 中文关键词: 除草剂 急性毒性 威廉环毛蚓 杂草 “花菜－蚯蚓”种养 |
| 英文关键词:herbicide acute toxicity Pheretima guillelmi weed cauliflower-earthworm co-culture |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500);上海市科技兴农推广项目［沪农科推字(2018)第4-14号］;上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划［NKC2017(A-03)］;上海市崇明区科委农业科技攻关(农业科技攻关81) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李 涛1, 孟丹丹2, 郭水良2, 袁国徽1, 钱振官1,杨伟萍3, 范洁群1*, 吕卫光1* | 1. 上海市农业科学院, 上海 201403
2. 上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 上海 200234
3. 上海市金山区张堰镇农业技术推广服务站, 上海 201514 | 范洁群18201791220@163.com; 吕卫光lwei1217@sina.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了摸清蚯蚓活动对杂草发生的影响以及除草剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,2017年－2019年连续3年调查了“花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式下田间杂草物种数、总草密度和生物量,同时测定了17种除草剂对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性。结果表明,与花菜单一种植模式相比,“花菜－蚯蚓”种养模式显著降低了田间杂草物种数、总草密度和生物量,减轻了杂草危害。不同除草剂对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性存在较大的差异。采用滤纸法处理48 h,丙草胺、高效氟吡甲禾灵和噁唑酰草胺对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性最高,LD50分别为1.1、1.8 μg/cm2和7.1 μg/cm2。其次为灭草松,LD50为70.3 μg/cm2。乙羧氟草醚、吡嘧磺隆、氰氟草酯、五氟磺草胺、硝磺草酮、嘧啶肟草醚和烟嘧磺隆对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性相对较低,LD50均大于1 200 μg/cm2。采用人工土壤法处理14 d,灭草松对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性最高,LD50为50.3 mg/kg。其次为二甲戊灵、草铵膦和丙草胺,LD50分别为111.9、137.4 mg/kg和169.5 mg/kg。双草醚、氰氟草酯、硝磺草酮和苯唑草酮对威廉环毛蚓的急性毒性相对较低,LD50均大于500 mg/kg。基于滤纸法和人工土壤法的测定结果,丙草胺、灭草松、噁唑酰草胺、高效氟吡甲禾灵、草铵膦和二甲戊灵对威廉环毛蚓具有相对较高的急性毒性,不建议用于“作物－蚯蚓”种养农田防除杂草。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the effect of earthworm activities on weed occurrence and the acute toxicity of herbicides to earthworm, we investigated the weed species number, total weed density and biomass in the cauliflower-earthworm co-culture farming system from 2017 to 2019 and evaluated the acute toxicity of 17 herbicides to Pheretima guillelmi. The results showed that the practice of cauliflower-earthworm co-culture farming significantly reduced weed species number, total weed density and biomass compared with cauliflower mono-culture farming. The acute toxicity of herbicides to P.guillelmi varied. Exposed for 48 h by using filter paper contact test, pretilachlor, haloxyfop-P-methyl and metamifop had the highest acute toxicity to P.guillelmi, with LD50 values of 1.1, 1.8 and 7.1 μg/cm2, respectively, followed by bentazone, with LD50value of 70.3 μg/cm2. Fluoroglycofen, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, cyhalofop-butyl, penoxsulam, mesotrione, pyribenzoxim and nicosulfuron had relatively low acute toxicity to P.guillelmi, all with an LD50 value greater than 1 200 μg/cm2. Exposed for 14 d by using artificial soil test, bentazone had the highest acute toxicity to P.guillelmi with an LD50 value of 50.3 mg/kg, followed by pendimethalin, glufosinate-ammonium and pretilachlor, with LD50 values of 111.9, 137.4 and 169.5 mg/kg, respectively. The acute toxicity of bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, mesotrione, and topramezone to P.guillelmi was relatively low, and their LD50 values were all greater than 500 mg/kg. The results of acute toxicity tests showed that pretilachlor, bentazone, metamifop, haloxyfop-P-methyl, glufosinate-ammonium and pendimethalin had relatively high acute toxicity to P.guillelmi, and they were not recommended to be applied in the crop-earthworm co-culture farming. |
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