| 林金盛, 骆 昕, 曲绍轩, 蒋 宁, 侯立娟, 李辉平, 马 林*.羊肚菌重要害虫跳虫的鉴定与防治药剂的筛选[J].植物保护,2020,46(5):174-180. |
| 羊肚菌重要害虫跳虫的鉴定与防治药剂的筛选 |
| Identification of springtail pests on Morchella and insecticides selection |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-16 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019360 |
| 中文关键词: 羊肚菌 跳虫 鉴定 杀虫活性 |
| 英文关键词:Morchella spp. springtail identification insecticidal activity |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-20) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确为害栽培羊肚菌的跳虫种类, 筛选对跳虫杀虫效果明显且对羊肚菌菌丝生长影响较小的杀虫剂, 通过COⅠ基因片段系统进化分析对不同地区羊肚菌上的跳虫进行分类, 结果显示四川成都和河南驻马店虫样属长角跳科, 四川金堂虫样属棘跳科, 四川泸定和河南郑州虫样属球角跳科。采用菇片浸渍法和药膜法测定了9种杀虫剂对跳虫的杀虫活性, 2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME、10%吡虫啉WP和0.5%苦参碱EW的LC50在10 mg/L以下, 杀虫活性最好; 其次为10%烯啶虫胺EW、25%噻虫嗪WP。采用平皿菌丝生长速率法测定了9种杀虫剂对羊肚菌菌丝生长的影响, 10%吡虫啉WP对菌丝的抑制作用最小, EC50为707.353 mg/L; 其次为45%马拉硫磷EC、10%烯啶虫胺EW、150 g/L茚虫威SC、25%吡蚜酮SC和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯ME。基于杀虫活性和对羊肚菌的安全性评价综合考虑, 吡虫啉为最佳选择, 其次为烯啶虫胺和茚虫威。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to identify the springtails damaged Morchella spp., and select effective insecticides with obvious insecticidal activity and less impact on the mycelium growth of Morchella, the springtail samples collected from different cities were identified through phylogenetic analysis of COⅠ gene. The results showed that samples from Chengdu, Sichuan and Zhumadian, Henan belonged to Entomobryidae, from Jintang, Sichuan belonged to Onychiuridae, from Luding, Sichuan and Zhengzhou, Henan belonged to Hypogastruridae. The insecticidal activities of nine insecticides against springtails were determined by the method of mushroom-dipping and residual film in glass tube. Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%ME, imidacloprid 10% WP and matrine 0.5% EW showed the best insecticidal effects (LC50<10 mg/L). The insecticidal activities of nitenpyram 10% EW, thiamethoxam 25% WP were lower than the above three insecticides. The effects of nine insecticides on mycelium growth of M.esculenta were measured by plate bioassays. Imidacloprid 10% WP displayed the lowest inhibitory effect on mycelium growth with the EC50 value of 707.353 mg/L. The antifungal activities of malathion 45% EC, nitenpyram 10% EW, indoxacarb 150 g/L SC, pymetrozine 25% SC and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% ME were higher than imidacloprid 10% WP. Therefore, based on the comprehensive evaluation of insecticidal effect and safety evaluation, imidacloprid is the best candidate, followed by nitenpyram and indoxacarb. |
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