| 吕东, 张宏斌 *, 李秉新, 赵 祜, 赵兴鹏, 赵 明, 闫克林.祁连山圆柏大痣小蜂成虫产卵特性[J].植物保护,2020,46(1):162-168. |
| 祁连山圆柏大痣小蜂成虫产卵特性 |
| Egg laying characteristics of adult Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He on its host tree Juniperus przewalskii in Qilian Mountains |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-29 修订日期：2019-07-05 |
| DOI：DOI:10.16688/j.zwbh.2019265 |
| 中文关键词: 圆柏大痣小蜂 蛀果 产卵特性 |
| 英文关键词:Megastigmus sabinae bored cone egg laying characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31860210) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 488 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 圆柏大痣小蜂 Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He 以幼虫在祁连圆柏健康球果内蛀食胚乳,并随球果同步发育,导致球果成熟后有果无仁,造成种子质量严重下降,严重影响祁连圆柏种子生产。为准确掌握圆柏大痣小蜂产卵特性,为其监测与防控提供基础信息,通过室内观察和室外布设样地,进行了圆柏大痣小蜂产卵特性研究。结果表明:圆柏大痣小蜂产卵行为包括交尾、产卵球果选择、穿刺及产卵4个阶段;圆柏大痣小蜂在球果不同部位的产卵量差异显著,在球果近柄部1/3处平均产卵率为70.34%、球果中部26.26%、球果脐部3.40%;在不同大小的祁连圆柏球果间其产卵量具显著差异,在纵径10.13～12.67 mm,横径9.18～10.38 mm的球果上产卵率最高(95.67%);在祁连圆柏树冠中部产卵量高于树冠上部和下部,在树冠中部的产卵数占总产卵数的53.43%,产卵量在树冠东、南、西、北方位上所占的比例分别为25.57%、34.10%、21.62%、18.71%;祁连圆柏幼龄林和成熟林与中龄林、混交林及林缘球果受害程度差异显著,(P<0.05);不同坡位祁连圆柏林分球果受害程度差异显著(P<0.05);祁连圆柏球果受害程度随着海拔升高呈逐渐减小趋势。圆柏大痣小蜂产卵行为分为4个阶段,产卵时对产卵位点、球果大小及树冠不同方位具有明显的选择性,不同林龄、坡位、海拔间祁连圆柏林分球果受害程度明显不同。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) attacks the seeds by eating endosperm in the healthy cone of Juniperus przewalskii, develops synchronously with the cone, resulting in no kernel after the cone is mature, and thus caused a serious decline on seed quality and a serious impact on the production of J. przewalskii . In order to accurately determine the egg laying characteristics of M. sabinae and provide effective and basic information for its monitoring and management, the egg laying characteristics of M. sabinae on the cypress was studied through indoor observation and outdoor layout of plots. The results showed that the egg laying behavior of M. sabinae included four stages: mating, cone selection, puncture and oviposition. The egg laying behavior of M. sabinae larvae was significantly different on different parts of the cones. The average oviposition rates were 70.34% near the 1/3 of the stalk, 26.26% in the middle of the cone, and 3.40% in the umbilical part of the cone. There were significant differences in the egg laying amounts between the host trees of different sizes, ranging from 10.13 to 12.67 mm in longitudinal diameter and 9.18 to 10.38 in transverse diameter. The highest oviposition rate was observed in the cones of 9.18-10.38 mm in transverse diameter (95.67%); the amount of eggs laid in the middle of the canopy of the cypress was higher than that in the upper and lower parts of the canopy; the number of eggs laid in the middle of the canopy accounted for 53.43% of the total number of eggs laid, and the number of eggs laid in the canopy was in the east. The proportions in the south, west and north accounted for 25.57%, 34.10%, 21.62%, 18.71%, respectively; the degrees of damage to the cones in the young and mature forests of J. przewalskii and the middle aged forests, mixed forests and forest edge were significantly different ( P <0.05); the degrees of damage to the coniferous cones in different slopes were significantly different ( P <0.05), and the degree of damage in the cypress cones of J. przewalskii gradually decreased with the elevation. The egg laying behavior of M. sabinae could be divided into four stages. During egg laying, it had obvious selectivity for egg laying sites, cone size and canopy. The damage degrees of cones were significantly different between different forest ages, slope positions and elevations. |
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