| 邢树文 1*, 梁秀霞 2, 朱 慧 1, 孙延杰 1, 查广才 1.不同类型茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落特征的研究[J].植物保护,2019,45(6):192-200. |
| 不同类型茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落特征的研究 |
| Studies on the characteristics of the wandering spider sub-community in different types of tea plantation |
| 投稿时间：2018-11-25 修订日期：2019-01-10 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2018488 |
| 中文关键词: 高山茶园 丘陵茶园 游猎型蜘蛛 物种-环境关系 管理措施 |
| 英文关键词:high mountain tea plantation hilly tea plantation wandering-spiders species-environment relationships management measures |
| 基金项目:广东省教育厅特色创新类项目（2014KTSCX160）；潮州市科技计划项目（2014N09） ; 广东省特色重点学科(生物学)建设项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以广东潮州市凤凰单丛茶区的高山、中山和低山茶园为研究对象, 对茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落及其环境因子和管理状况进行调查, 采用多样性指标、NMDS排序、perMANOVA检验、SIMPER分析和RDA排序等方法, 研究茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落特征与环境因子的关系。研究结果表明: 高山茶园的物种数和个体数量高, 中山茶园次之, 低山茶园最低, 且差异显著; 高山茶园的物种丰富度显著高于其他两个茶园, 高山茶园和中山茶园的物种多样性指数显著高于低山茶园, 但低山茶园的物种优势性高于其他两个茶园。NMDS排序表明三种茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落组成差异明显; SIMPER分析显示, 高山茶园与中山茶园的平均相异性较小(28.90%), 高山茶园与低山茶园的平均相异性较大(52.13%); 多重比较分析结果表明, 三种茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落在整体上差异显著(P<0.05)。RDA排序与pRDA分析表明, 海拔高度是影响茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落组成与分布的主要环境变量因子, 其独立贡献率为62.52%; 茶树盖度和除草剂是次要环境变量因子, 2个环境变量的独立贡献率分别为9.155%、10.99%, 其他环境变量因子对茶园蜘蛛群落组成与结构的影响较小。研究表明, 茶园开发过程中保留外围自然生境有利于茶园游猎型蜘蛛亚群落的保护, 更好地利用蜘蛛防控害虫, 减少农药的使用, 实现有机生产, 提高茶叶品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental factors and management conditions on the sub-communities of wandering spiders in three types of tea plantation. The survey was carried out in a high mountainous tea plantation, medium mountainous tea plantation and low mountainous tea plantation in the Fenghuang Dancong tea production area, located in Chaozhou, Guangdong province. The ecological sub-communities were evaluated by using the diversity index, NMDS ordination, perMANOVA test, SIMPER analysis and RDA ordination. The high mountainous tea plantation had the highest species and individual numbers of wandering spiders identified, followed by medium mountainous tea plantation and low mountainous tea plantation. In addition, the species abundance of the sub-communities of wandering spiders in high mountainous tea plantation were significantly higher than that in the other two tea plantations, and the diversity indexes in the high and medium mountainous tea plantations were significantly higher than that in the low mountainous tea plantation, whereas the dominance index of low mountainous tea plantation was higher than that of high and medium mountainous tea plantations. The results of NMDS ordination and SIMPER analysis showed that there were significant differences in the composition of spider community in three kinds of tea plantations. The average dissimilarity between high and medium mountainous tea plantations was relatively small (28.90%), and the average dissimilarity between high and low mountainous tea plantations was higher (52.13%). Multiple comparison analysis indicated that the overall difference in the sub-community of wandering spiders significantly varied among the three kinds of tea plantations (P<0.05). The results of RDA ordination and SIMPER analysis showed that the altitude, with an independent contribution rate of 62.52%, was the main environmental variable factor affecting the composition and distribution of wandering spiders. The herbicide and coverage of tea trees were the secondary environment variable factors, and their independent contribution rates were 9.155% and 10.99%, respectively. The other environmental factors had little effect on the composition and structure of wandering spider sub-community. The results suggested that the preservation of peripheral natural habitats in the development of tea plantation is beneficial to the protection of wandering spider sub-community in tea plantations, which can make a better use of spiders for the prevention and control of pests, reducing the use of pesticides, realizing organic production and improving tea quality. |
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