| 高常燕1#, 李 栋1#, 李保华1, 张俊丽2, 董向丽1*.苹果白绢病防治药剂的筛选及使用方法[J].植物保护,2019,45(4):255-260. |
| 苹果白绢病防治药剂的筛选及使用方法 |
| Screening and application of fungicides against southernblight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on apple |
| 投稿时间：2018-03-15 修订日期：2018-08-03 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018114 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果白绢病 药剂筛选 防治方法 |
| 英文关键词:southern blight of apple screening of fungicide methods of control |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201122); 山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0214); 国家现代农业苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 白绢病是苹果苗期和幼树期的重要病害, 可导致死树和死苗。为了筛选有效的杀菌剂, 提供有效的病害防控技术, 通过花盆土壤施药、撒施药土等方法测试了9种杀菌剂和生石灰对白绢病菌的抑制效果。结果表明, 95%甲基立枯磷 TC和99%噁霉灵TC两种药剂能有效抑制白绢病菌的生长和菌核的形成, 抑制率在80%以上; 25 g/L咯菌腈FSC和45%抑菌脲SC对白绢病菌的生长和菌核形成也有抑制效果, 但其抑制率不足50%。9种杀菌剂都不能杀死菌核中的病菌。生石灰能有效抑制白绢病菌生长扩展, 其抑菌范围超过5 cm, 但不能抑制病菌形成菌核。将生石灰撒于根围或土表, 或混入育苗基质、锯末或土壤中, 可预防苹果苗期和幼树期的白绢病。甲基立枯磷和噁霉灵可用于苗木消毒、浇施、地面喷雾或随滴灌使用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) is an important disease of apple during seedling and young tree stages and causes death of seedlings and young trees. In order to screen effective fungicides and provide techniques to control the disease, the control effect of nine different fungicides on hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii were tested via applying the fungicides to soil. Results showed that tolclofos-methyl 95% TC and hymexazol 99% TC could effectively inhibit the hyphal growth and sclerotia formation with the inhibition ratio above 80%. Fludioxonil 25 g/L FSC and iprodione 45% SC could also inhibit the hyphal growth and sclerotia formation, but the inhibition ratio was less than 50%. None of the nine tested fungicides could kill the hyphae in sclerotia. Quick lime can effectively inhibit the hyphal growth and expansion, although it cannot inhibit the formation of sclerotia. The quick lime can inhibit the hyphal growth of pathogen within 5 cm. Quick lime can be applied to the rhizosphere, soil surface, or mixed with nursery matrix, sawdust or soil to prevent occurrence of Southern Blight on apple seedlings and young trees. Tolclofos-methyl and hymexazol can also be used for nursery stock disinfection, spraying on the ground, applying with water pouring or drip irrigation to control the disease. |
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