| 孔维娜1, 王 怡2, 郭永福2, 高 越1, 赵 飞1, 李 捷3, 马瑞燕2*.梨小食心虫过冷却点及结冰点测定[J].植物保护,2019,45(3):102-105. |
| 梨小食心虫过冷却点及结冰点测定 |
| Supercooling points and freezing points of Grapholita molesta (Busck) |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-25 修订日期：2018-07-25 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2018273 |
| 中文关键词: 梨小食心虫 过冷却点 结冰点 耐寒性 |
| 英文关键词:Grapholita molesta supercooling point freezing point cold tolerance |
| 基金项目:山西省自然科学基金(201701D121114); 山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001); 山西省重点研发计划(201603D21110-2); 山西(运城)果品交易出口平台专项(YCX2018304); 山西省科技成果转化引导专项(201604D132033) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 孔维娜1, 王 怡2, 郭永福2, 高 越1, 赵 飞1, 李 捷3, 马瑞燕2* | 1. 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室, 太原 030031
2. 山西农业大学农学院, 太谷 030801
3. 山西省农业科学院果树研究所, 太谷 030815 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta(Busck)是世界性的果树害虫, 以老熟幼虫越冬。由于果树新品种的选育以及气候变暖等原因, 梨小食心虫寄主植物的适生区扩大。为了明确梨小食心虫的耐寒能力, 即是否可以随着寄主植物种植范围的扩大而向寒冷地区发生迁移, 本试验对不同虫态、不同龄期幼虫、不同性别的蛹与成虫以及来源于不同环境下的幼虫的过冷却点和结冰点进行测定, 进而为判断梨小食心虫是否可以顺利越冬提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)梨小食心虫不同发育阶段的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著, 结冰点和过冷却点表现为幼虫＞蛹＞成虫; (2)不同龄期幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著。5龄幼虫的过冷却点(-12.47±0.27)℃与结冰点(-8.21±0.41)℃最低, 4龄幼虫的过冷却点(-9.23±0.38)℃与结冰点(-5.06±0.37)℃最高; (3)雌雄成虫与蛹的过冷却点及结冰点差异不显著; (4)不同环境下幼虫的过冷却点及结冰点差异显著, 外采幼虫的过冷却点(-24.42±0.69)℃和结冰点(-10.21±0.71)℃最低, 室内幼虫经冷驯化后过冷却点降低。因此, 在越冬过程中梨小食心虫老熟幼虫的抗寒能力较强, 提前经历低温环境可提高其抗寒能力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a worldwide pest of fruit trees, and overwinters as mature larvae. The suitable growing area of host plants has been enlarged with the new variety breeding of fruit trees and climate warming. In order to determine the cold resistance of G. molesta, or is it possible to migrate to the cold areas following the enlargement of suitable growing area of host plants. The supercooling points and freezing points of different development stages, larval instars, sex of pupae and adults, and conditions were measured, so as to judge whether they could overwinter successfully or not. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the supercooling points and freezing points for the two sexes of pupae and adults, and the supercooling points and freezing points differed among different developmental stages and larval instars, and larval conditions. The ranking of the supercooling points and freezing points for different developmental stages was as followed: larva>pupa>adult. The supercooling point (-12.47±0.27)℃ and freezing point (-8.21±0.41)℃ of 5th instar larvae were lowest, whereas the supercooling point (-9.23±0.38)℃ and freezing point (-5.06±0.37)℃ of 4th instar larvae were highest. When compared with indoor larvae without cold acclimation, outdoor larvae had a lower supercooling point (-24.42±0.69)℃ and freezing point (-10.21±0.71)℃, but the supercooling point of indoor larvae could be reduced by cold acclimation. Therefore, our results indicated that the cold resistance of mature larvae was strong, and it could be improved by cold acclimation. |
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