| 王 明1#, 王 希2#, 何 玲1, 史建苗2, 范劲松3, 钟 玲2*, 袁会珠1*.植保无人机低空低容量喷雾在茶园的雾滴沉积分布及对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果[J].植物保护,2019,45(1):62-68. |
| 植保无人机低空低容量喷雾在茶园的雾滴沉积分布及对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果 |
| Deposition distribution of pesticide droplets over the tea canopy and control efficiency against Empoasca flavescens sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) |
| 投稿时间：2018-02-28 修订日期：2018-03-31 |
| DOI：S 494 |
| 中文关键词: 植保无人机 雾滴密度 沉积量 农药利用率 茶小绿叶蝉 防治效果 |
| 英文关键词:UAV droplet density deposit pesticide utilization rate Empoasca flavescens control efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201305, 2016YFD0200703) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 王 明1#, 王 希2#, 何 玲1, 史建苗2, 范劲松3, 钟 玲2*, 袁会珠1* | 1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 农业部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 北京 100193
2. 江西省植保植检局, 南昌 330096
3. 江西省瑞昌市植保植检站, 瑞昌 332200 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究植保无人机低空低容量喷雾技术在实现茶园农药减量中的作用, 通过在茶园喷施20%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂, 比较其与传统大容量喷雾技术对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca flavescens的防治效果。结果表明, 使用3种植保无人机喷雾, 安装有TEEJET110015#喷头的植保无人机的雾滴沉积密度为24.1~127.4个/cm2, 平均值为75.8个/cm2, 沉积量为0.002~1.15 μg/cm2, 均值0.58 μg/cm2; 安装有TEEJET11001#喷头的植保无人机的雾滴沉积密度为15.0~80.4个/cm2, 平均值为47.7个/cm2, 沉积量均值为0.01~1.38 μg/cm2, 均值0.70 μg/cm2; 安装有TEEJET11003#喷头的植保无人机的雾滴沉积密度为9.2~18.2个/cm2, 平均值为13.7个/cm2; 沉积量为0~1.14 μg/cm2, 均值0.57 μg/cm2。农药利用率为49.3%~58.2%。使用3种传统器械喷雾, 担架式动力喷雾机喷雾得到的沉积量为0.02~0.30 μg/cm2, 均值0.16 μg/cm2, 背负式手动喷雾器喷雾得到的沉积量为0.01~0.46 μg/cm2, 均值0.23 μg/cm2, 背负式电动喷雾器喷雾得到的沉积量为0.01~0.65 μg/cm2, 均值0.33 μg/cm2。农药利用率为33.7%~39.6%。结果表明, 3种植保无人机喷雾的农药沉积量和利用率均高于3种传统的施药器械, 但其喷雾的均匀性还有待提高。施药后4 d, 植保无人机低空低容量喷雾对茶小绿叶蝉防治效果为85.8%~90.4%, 传统大容量喷雾对茶小绿叶蝉防治效果为91.8%~93.2%, 两者差异不显著。药后10 d, 前者对茶小绿叶蝉防治效果为72.9%~75.6%, 后者防治效果为65.8%~71.6%, 说明植保无人机低空低容量喷雾对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果优于传统大容量喷雾。研究结果表明, 植保无人机低空低容量喷雾有着更长的持效期, 为茶园的农药减施增效提供了可能性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the effect of UAV spraying on the reduced amount of pesticide applied in the tea garden, the control efficiency of imidacloprid 20% (wettable powder, WP) against Empoasca flavescens on the tea was compared between the traditional and UAV spraying. The results showed that the droplet densities were 24.1- 127.4, 15.0-80.4, and 9.2-18.2 deposits/cm2 by UAV spraying installed with TEEJET110015#, TEEJET11001#, and TEEJET11003# nozzles, respectively. The corresponding average droplet densities were 75.8, 47.7, and 13.7 deposits/cm2. When UAV spraying was applied, the deposition amounts were 0.002-1.15, 0.01-1.38, and 0-1.14 μg/cm2 for UAV spraying installed with TEEJET110015#, TEEJET11001#, and TEEJET11003# nozzles, respectively. The corresponding average deposition amounts were 0.58, 0.70, and 0.57 μg/cm2. The pesticide utilization rate was 49.3%-58.2%. However, the deposition amounts were 0.02-0.30, 0.01-0.46, and 0.01-0.65 μg/cm2 for 3 traditional sprayers, respectively. The corresponding average deposition amounts were 0.16, 0.23, and 0.33 μg/cm2 by using powered stretcher mounted sprayer, knapsack sprayer and knapsack electric sprayer. Under these traditional circumstances, the pesticide utilization rate was 33.7%-39.6%. It indicated that UAV spraying had better deposition efficiency than traditional sprayers. Nevertheless, in terms of the uniformity of distribution by UAV spraying, there is still much room for improvement. Furthermore, the control efficiencies of UAV spraying against E.flavescens were 85.8%-90.4% and 72.9%-75.6% after application for 4 and 10 days, respectively. For the traditional large-volume spraying, the values were 91.8%-93.2%, and 65.8%-71.6%. The bioactivity determinations demonstrated that the low-altitude and low-volume UAV spraying had control efficiency with longer duration, which provides the possibility for the improved efficiency with less application of pesticide in tea gardens. |
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