| 田志慧1#, 袁国徽1#, 王依明2, 高 萍1, 沈国辉1*.上海市水稻田杂草种类组成及群落特征[J].植物保护,2018,44(6):152-157. |
| 上海市水稻田杂草种类组成及群落特征 |
| Species composition and characterization of weed community in thepaddy fields in Shanghai |
| 投稿时间：2018-01-31 修订日期：2018-03-19 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2018057 |
| 中文关键词: 稻田 杂草群落 物种多样性 相似性 |
| 英文关键词:paddy field weed community species diversity similarity |
| 基金项目:上海市市级农口系统青年人才成长计划(20170135); 上海市科技创新行动计划(16391901800); 上海市现代农业水稻产业技术体系(201703) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确上海市水稻田杂草种类组成及其群落结构, 采用倒置“W”取样法对上海市水稻田杂草进行了调查。结果表明, 上海市水稻田杂草共有55种(含变种), 隶属于16科35属, 其中禾本科和莎草科杂草种类最多。优势杂草有无芒稗、千金子、多花水苋、耳叶水苋等4种, 区域性优势杂草有马唐、杂草稻、鳢肠、假稻、稗、空心莲子草、水莎草等7种, 这11种杂草是上海市水稻田杂草群落的重要建群种, 此外常见杂草有8种, 一般杂草有36种。从杂草区域分布来看, 上海西部地区水稻田杂草群落的物种多样性最高, 但优势种集中性最低; 东部地区的物种丰富度和优势种集中性均最高; 江中沙洲地区的物种丰富度和多样性均最低。从相似性指数和聚类分析来看, 上海市水稻田杂草群落可划分为3组, 其中东部地区和江中沙洲地区各一组, 西部地区和中部地区的杂草群落结构最类似，为一组。水稻田杂草种类及其群落发生特点与地理区域、耕作制度、栽培方式和除草剂种类等多种因素相关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Weed survey was conducted by the method of inverted W-pattern to determine the species composition and characterization of weed community in the paddy fields in Shanghai.The results showed that 55 weed species belonging to 35 genera of 16 families were found. Among them, the families including the most weed species were Gramineae and Cyperaceae. There were 4 species of dominant weeds, 7 regional dominant weeds, 8 common weeds and 36 normal weeds. The dominant and regional dominant weeds were the main components of weed communities in all rice growing regions in Shanghai, and their relative abundance rankings were Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, Leptochloa chinensis, Ammannia multiflora, A. auriculata, Digitaria sanguinalis, Oryza sativa f. spontanea, Eclipta prostrate, Leersia japonica, Echinochloa crusgalli, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Juncellus serotinus. In the west area of Shanghai, the species diversity of weed community in the paddy fields was higher than that in other areas, but its Simpson’s index was lowest. Fields in the east area possessed the highest species richness and Simpson’s index, and the lowest species richness and diversity indexes were found in the sandbar area of Shanghai. Based on the Sorenson index, the weed community structure of the west area was similar to that of the middle area. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the rice growing regions in Shanghai could be classified into 3 groups. The difference of species composition and weed community structure in the paddy fields might result from the different geographical region, crop system, planting pattern and herbicide type. |
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