| 刘万才 *, 黄 冲.我国农作物现代病虫测报建设进展[J].植物保护,2018,44(5):159-167. |
| 我国农作物现代病虫测报建设进展 |
| Advances in modern crop disease and pest forecast in China |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-11 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2018248 |
| 中文关键词: 自动化 智能化 测报工具 信息平台 预报发布 |
| 英文关键词:automation intellectualization monitoring and forecasting tool information platform forecast information release |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划 (2018YFD0200300); 中国烟草总公司科技专项 (NY20150601070012) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 836 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2000年以来, 在党和政府的高度重视下, 全国各级植保部门抓住信息化快速发展的历史机遇, 大力推进现代植保体系建设, 在新型测报工具研发应用、信息系统建设、预报发布方式创新等方面进行了大胆探索, 取得了明显进展。尤其是开发应用了重大病虫害远程监测物联网, 实现了对田间作物长势、病虫害种类和数量, 以及农田小气候的远程实时监测; 开发了害虫性诱实时监控系统和病害实时预警系统, 实现了对性诱剂敏感害虫以及对马铃薯晚疫病、小麦赤霉病的远程实时监测; 建成和应用了全国农作物重大病虫害数字化监测预警系统, 实现了农作物病虫测报信息采集规范化、报送网络化、处理自动化、预报展示可视化; 创新实施“电视—广播—手机—网络—明白纸”“五位一体”现代病虫预报发布模式, 极大地提高了预报信息的传输速度和覆盖面。但当前也面临一些问题: 一是气候异常、耕作制度和人类活动的变化导致病虫害暴发、重发频率提高, 而测报体系又面临严重的人手不足、保障不力等问题; 二是生态绿色安全农产品生产对病虫测报提出了更高的要求; 三是随着种植业结构调整, 优势特色园艺作物将成为大产业, 但技术贮备不足; 四是互联网+、大数据和云计算等信息技术的发展, 迫使加快技术革新。针对这些问题, 提出下一步推进现代测报建设的对策: 一是加强网点建设, 推进测报装备自动化; 二是加快信息平台建设, 推进测报手段信息化; 三是创新预报方式, 推进预报发布多元化; 四是加强技术研究, 推进预测方法模型化; 五是简化测报方法, 推进测报调查实用化; 六是加强体系建设, 推进测报队伍专业化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since 2000, with the high attention of the party and the government and the historical opportunity for the rapid development of information technology, the plant protection organizations in China have promoted the construction of modern plant protection system for great progresses, including the development and application of new monitoring tools, the construction of information system, and the innovation of information delivering methods. Particularly, we have developed and applied the internet of things for remote monitoring of pests, which realizes the remote monitoring of the field crop growth, pest species and counting, and the field microclimate. Secondly, we have developed some real-time monitoring and early warning systems for diseases and pests, which realizes the auto-monitoring of insect pests sensitive to sex attractants, potato late blight and wheat scab. Thirdly, we have developed and applied the national crop pest and insect pest digital monitoring and warning system, realizing the standardization of information collection, networking of data transporting, automation of data analysis, and the visualization of the forecast. Finally, we implement the “five-in-one” modern information release mode of “television-broadcast-mobile phone-network-information”, which has greatly improved the disseminating speed and coverage of forecast information. But some problems also exist at present. It is necessary to promote the construction of modern monitoring network to realize the automation of monitoring tools, speed up the construction of information platform to realize the informatization of methods, innovate the forecasting methods to realize the diversification of information release, strengthen the research to realize the prediction modeling, simplify the forecasting methods to realize the practicability of surveying, and strengthen the system construction to promote the professionalization of technicians. |
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