| 许 星 1, 张 锋 1, 王林萍 2*.不同栽培方式对2个水稻品种农艺性状、细菌性条斑病抗性和经济效益的影响[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):92-98. |
| 不同栽培方式对2个水稻品种农艺性状、细菌性条斑病抗性和经济效益的影响 |
| Effects of different cultivation conditions on the traits, resistance to bacterial leaf streak, and economic benefits of two rice varieties |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-08 修订日期：2018-01-19 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2017429 |
| 中文关键词: 间作 施肥量 性状 抗性 经济效益 |
| 英文关键词:intercropping fertilization amount traits resistance economic benefit |
| 基金项目:福建省产业支撑科技重大项目(2012N4001) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 试验设计了抗病品种‘甬优15’与感病品种‘D优151’在单作、间作条件下施用3个不同水平追肥量, 组成12组不同的栽培条件。结果表明，两个品种均为随施肥量增加，分蘖数、株高、穗长增加；有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率先增加后减少。两个品种均以间作条件下施用2水平施肥量(675 kg/hm2)产量最高, ‘甬优15’为9.62 t/hm2, ‘D优151’为8.24 t/hm2。‘甬优15’间作对比单作在施肥量675 kg/hm2时发病率降低0.8百分点, 病情指数降低0.9; ‘D优151’发病率降低16.3百分点, 病情指数降低3.6。两个品种间作条件下施用450 kg/hm2追肥量时经济效益最佳; ‘甬优15’的施肥增产率、边际产量、产值、净收益、新增纯收益率和边际成本报酬率为6.42%, 7.73 kg/kg, 24 050元/hm2, 9 725元/hm2, 15.43%, 9.67元/元; ‘D优151’为4.77%, 5.07 kg/kg, 20 850元/hm2, 6 525元/hm2, 13.97%, 6.33元/元。结果表明, 两个品种在间作条件施用450 kg/hm2追肥量, 不仅可以获得最高水稻产量和较好的细菌性条斑病抗性, 还可以获得最佳经济收益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of different cultivation conditions on rice traits, bacterial leaf streak resistance, and related economic benefits were investigated in the field. The two rice varieties, i.e., the disease-resistant cultivar ‘Yongyou 15’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘D-you 151’, were studied under the conditions of monocropping and intercropping at three different fertilization levels, thereby generating a total of 12 treatments. We found that higher amounts of fertilizers (675 kg/hm2) increased the number of tillers, plant height, and panicle length of the two rice cultivars, whereas the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and seed setting rate increased initially but decreased subsequently. At the same fertilization level, all tested crop traits cultivated in the intercropping manner were better than those cultivated in the monocropping manner for both cultivars. Both cultivars cultivated in the intercropping manner with 450 kg/hm2 topdressing produced the highest yield. The yield of ‘Yongyou 15’ was 9.62 t/hm2, whereas that of ‘D-you 151’ was 8.24 t/hm2. Bacterial leaf streak disease incidence and index increased in rice plants treated with higher amounts of fertilizers, whereas intercropping between the two cultivars resulted in a significant reduction in both parameters. The findings of the present study showed that intercropping and application of 675 kg/hm2 fertilization to ‘Yongyou 15’ resulted in a 0.8 percentage points and 0.9 reduction in disease incidence and index, respectively. For ‘D-you 151’, the disease incidence and index decreased by 16.3 percentage points and 3.6, respectively. The two cultivars cultivated in the intercropping manner yielded significantly higher economic benefits than those cultivated in the monocropping manner, including the increase in yield by fertilization, marginal yield, output value, net proceeds and the improvement in the percentage of net proceeds, and marginal rate of return. Additionally, rice plants cultivated in the intercropping manner and the application of 450 kg/hm2 topdressing gained the best economic benefit. For ‘Yongyou 15’, yield increase by fertilization, marginal yield, output value, net income, increased net benefit rate, and marginal cost rate of return were 6.42%, 7.73 kg/kg, 24 050 yuan/hm2, 9 725 yuan/hm2, 15.43%, and 9.67 yuan/yuan, respectively. The corresponding values for ‘D-you 151’ were 4.77%, 5.07 kg/kg, 20 850 yuan/hm2, 6 525 yuan/hm2, 13.97%, and 6.33 yuan/yuan, respectively. Our findings indicate that the two cultivars grown in the intercropping manner and the treatment with level-2 topdressing improve the host resistance to bacterial leaf streak, thus lead to a higher crop yield and the best economic benefits. |
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