| 夏 欣 1, 陈 平 1, 杨 伟 1, 徐 返 1, 王云月 1, 李成云 1, 郑凤萍 2, 刘永胜 3, 谢 勇 1*.水稻地方品种‘月亮谷’纯系对田间稻瘟病菌的选择[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):74-80. |
| 水稻地方品种‘月亮谷’纯系对田间稻瘟病菌的选择 |
| Selection of rice landrace ‘Acuce’ pure lines against the phenotype of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-31 修订日期：2017-12-11 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2017415 |
| 中文关键词: 稻瘟菌 水稻地方品种 孢子捕捉 联合致病性 单基因鉴别品系 |
| 英文关键词:Magnaporthe oryzae rice landrace spore trapping pathogenicity association NILs |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31760500, 31260415) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 夏 欣 1, 陈 平 1, 杨 伟 1, 徐 返 1, 王云月 1, 李成云 1, 郑凤萍 2, 刘永胜 3, 谢 勇 1* | 1. 云南农业大学植物保护学院, 昆明 650201
2. 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所, 昆明 650205
3. 合肥工业大学食品科学与工程学院, 合肥 230009 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 云南元阳哈尼梯田稻作模式是水稻可持续生产模式之一。尽管梯田地理条件适合稻瘟病的发生, 但地方品种‘月亮谷’在超百年的种植历史上未有稻瘟病大发生的记载, 其原因值得探索。为了解‘月亮谷’不同抗性品系对环境中稻瘟病菌的选择作用, 以‘月亮谷’单粒传纯系为材料, 通过孢子捕捉法和常规病组织分离法采集稻瘟菌株, 进行人工培养、表型观察, 接种测定了这些稻瘟菌菌株对25个抗稻瘟病单基因近等基因系的致病型。结果表明, 梯田环境空气中采集的稻瘟菌孢子菌落形态呈放射状, 菌落疏松, 生长在培养基浅表, 产孢量总体差异不明显, 黑色素颜色较浅; 从水稻感病组织上分离到的稻瘟菌菌落呈地毯状, 菌落紧密, 匍匐在培养基表面, 产孢量个体差异较大(P＜0.05), 黑色素颜色较深。测定的稻瘟菌菌株对25个近等基因系都有致病性, 联合致病性在12.0%~56.0%之间。来自环境空气中的菌株的平均联合致病性(24.8%)低于分离自‘月亮谷’纯系的菌株(38.4%)。进一步分析显示, 稻瘟菌株联合致病性与其菌丝生长速率、产孢量相关性不明显; 但与黑色素合成存在一定关联, 颜色越深, 致病性越强, 来源于‘月亮谷’不同品系上的菌株致病性强于环境空气中的菌株。上述结果表明, 元阳哈尼梯田环境中的稻瘟菌群体与‘月亮谷’纯系上分离到的稻瘟菌群体存在较大差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice cultivation at Hani terrace in Yuanyang, Yunnan Province, was recognized as one of the sustainable production patterns in China. It was extraordinary that, in the past centenary, destructive epidemic of the blast has never been recorded in such a blast-prone location and climate condition. Therefore, it was worthy of intensive research. In the present study, in order to shed light on the phenotypic selection of rice landrace ‘Acuce’ against Magnaporthe oryzae population in the field, the phenotypic characteristics and pathogenicity of M. oryzae strains were collected and analyzed. For the purpose of distinguishing different isolate sources, the isolates were captured by using spore trapping (aerial isolates) and rice panicle isolating (host isolates) methods, respectively. The isolates’ biological traits were observed and compared on artificial medium, and then the isolates were artificially inoculated on 25 single R gene differential lines for pathotype analysis. The results showed that different isolates demonstrated varied phenotypic characters. Specifically, the aerial isolates exhibited radial and loose colonies on the surface of the culture medium with less melanin biosynthesis. Conversely, the colonies of the isolates from susceptible hosts were closely adhered to the medium surface with relatively differential sporulation capacity (P＜0.05) and higher melanin biosynthesis. The artificial inoculation of differential lines showed that all isolates were pathogenic to the differential lines with a pathogenicity association (PA) of 12.0%-56.0%; the aerial isolates had lower average PA (24.8%) than the host isolates (38.4%). Furthermore, the PA values were not correlated with the mycelial growth rate or sporulation capacity, but melanin biosynthesis was correlated with the PA value. Our results indicated that there was difference between the M. oryzae population captured in the terrace environment and those isolates collected from landrace ‘Acuce’ pure lines. |
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