杨 春 1, 钟增明 2, 孙云水 3, 李世东 1*, 吕平香 1, 缪作清 1*.四硫代碳酸钠对蔬菜根病的防治效果及对土壤生物学性状的影响[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):20-27. |
四硫代碳酸钠对蔬菜根病的防治效果及对土壤生物学性状的影响 |
Effects of sodium tetrathiocarbonate on vegetable root diseases and soil biological properties |
投稿时间:2017-10-17 修订日期:2018-01-14 |
DOI:10.16688/j.zwbh.2017395 |
中文关键词: 四硫代碳酸钠 土壤熏蒸 真菌病害 土壤酶 |
英文关键词:sodium tetrathiocarbonate soil fumigation fungal disease soil enzyme |
基金项目:北京市科技计划课题(Z161100001316007); 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503112); 潍坊市引进高层次创新人才项目 |
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中文摘要: |
为明确四硫代碳酸钠(sodium tetrathiocarbonate, STTC)在蔬菜根病防治上的应用价值及制定应用技术, 本研究通过室内瓶土熏蒸法, 进行了STTC对病菌的室内毒力测定; 用温室盆栽法, 进行植前熏蒸处理, 测定土壤中病菌数量的变化和对病害的防效, 同时进行植后熏蒸处理, 测定药剂处理点和根际处病菌数量的变化; 通过土壤施药后随即移栽幼苗的方法, 评价药剂对蔬菜幼苗的安全性; 通过室内模拟田间熏蒸条件, 测定药剂不同浓度和熏蒸时间对土壤中主要微生物类群数量和主要土壤酶活性的影响。结果显示STTC对辣椒疫霉病菌Phytophthora capsici、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum、茄子黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae、番茄立枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani和蔬菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum均有较好的杀灭活性, LD50分别为3.956、4.241、5.222、5.457和6.197 mg/kg; 80 g/m 2 STTC移植前处理对辣椒疫霉病和黄瓜枯萎病的防效可分别达到91.01%和82.51%; 浓度低于900 μg/mL的STTC对当日熏蒸后移栽的3叶期辣椒、黄瓜、番茄、白菜和油菜幼苗均表现安全; 在辣椒和黄瓜生长期穴施1 200 μg/mL STTC能有效减少土壤中辣椒疫霉病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的数量; 土壤中微生物类群数量监测结果表明, 在0.1~50.0 μg/g浓度范围内, STTC对土壤真菌有强烈抑制作用, 对土壤细菌和放线菌为先抑制后促进。对土壤酶活性测定结果表明, 当STTC用量为0.1、1.0、5.0、10.0和50.0 μg/g时, 对土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性表现为先抑制后促进, 对蛋白酶的活性表现为在STTC低浓度时活性增加, 高浓度时为先抑制后增加。综合结果表明, STTC用于经济作物生产中的土壤熏蒸具有安全、有效和施用简便的特点, 或可广泛使用。 |
英文摘要: |
Sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC) is a potential effective soil fumigant in the management of crop soilborne diseases. To evaluate its possible application in the control of greenhouse vegetable root diseases, its effects on greenhouse vegetable soilborne diseases frequently occurring in China and on soil biological properties were tested under laboratory conditions. Tests on survival rates in glass containers showed that their LD50s on Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were 3.956, 4.241, 5.222, 5.457 and 6.197 mg/kg of soil, respectively. Crop injury tests demonstrated that 3-leaf stage seedlings of tomato, pepper, cucumber, cabbage and rapeseed were not injured when they were transplanted immediately after the soil was treated with 80 mL at less than 900 μg/mL of STTC in the pots. Greenhouse trials indicated that disease indices of pepper phytophthora blight and cucumber fusarium wilt were reduced by 91.01% and 82.51%, respectively, when soil was fumigated before planting with STTC at 80 g/m2. Populations of P. capsici and F. oxysporum in pepper and cucumber rhizospheres were reduced when treated with STTC at 1 200 μg/mL after planting. Monitoring of soil microbial populations indicated that STTC at the concentrations from 0.1 to 50.0 μg/g greatly suppressed the populations of soil fungi, but the populations of soil bacteria and actinomyces turned to be increased after a short decline period at the beginning. Tests on enzyme activities in the soil treated with STTC at 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0 μg/g indicated that the activities of soil urease and invertase were reduced at the first 20 days after treatment, and then recovered and increased from 30 to 100 days after treatment. The activity of proteinase was increased at the whole monitoring stage in the soil treated with STTC at 0.1 and 1 μg/g soil, but the activity was reduced at the first 20 days in the soil treated with STTC at 5.0, 10.0 and 50.0 μg/g soil, then increased from 21 to 100 days after treatment. This study suggested that STTC might be used extensively as an effective, safe and convenient soil fumigant in the production of highly valuable crops. |
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