| 李 涛1, 袁国徽1, 钱振官1, 曾茗钦2, 沈国辉1*.野燕麦种子萌发特性及化学防除药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2018,44(3):111-116. |
| 野燕麦种子萌发特性及化学防除药剂筛选 |
| Seed germination characteristics of wild oat and POST-herbicide screening |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-09 修订日期：2017-12-12 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2017383 |
| 中文关键词: 野燕麦 种子萌发特性 除草剂筛选 化学防除技术 |
| 英文关键词:wild oat (Avena fatua) seed germination characteristics herbicide screening chemical control technique |
| 基金项目:上海市市级农口系统青年人才成长计划(沪农青字(2016)第1-31号)；上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划(农科创2017(A-03))；家庭农场生态农业技术集成示范(沪农科推字(2015)第2-2号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确恶性杂草野燕麦的萌发特性和化学防除技术, 采用培养皿与盆栽相结合的方法, 研究温度、光照、水势、盐胁迫、pH、土层深度对种子萌发的影响并评价麦田常用除草剂对野燕麦的除草活性。结果表明, 野燕麦种子最适发芽温度为15～20℃。对光周期不敏感, 全黑、全光照条件下均可正常萌发。当水势为-0.2～0 MPa时, 发芽率可达80%左右, 当水势降低至-0.8 MPa时, 不能萌发。覆盖2～15 cm的土层均可萌发, 其中2～10 cm土层中发芽率最高。适宜pH范围较广, 在pH 5～9范围内, 发芽率大于70%。耐盐胁迫能力较强, NaCl浓度160 mmol/L时, 发芽率大于50%。除草活性评价结果表明, 炔草酯、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺对4～6叶期野燕麦均有较好防效, 供试药剂防效高低排序为:炔草酯、唑啉草酯＞精噁唑禾草灵＞甲基二磺隆＞氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺＞异丙隆。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is an annual weed commonly found in wheat fields. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine the effects of temperature, light, water stress, salt stress, pH, and burial depth on seed germination and evaluate the response of this weed to commonly used POST-herbicides in wheat fields. The results showed that the optimum temperature for germination was 15-20℃, and light was not necessary. About 80% of seeds germinated at the water potential of -0.2-0 MPa, and the seeds were completely inhibited at the water potential of -0.8 MPa. The seeds could germinate in the soil depth of 2-15 cm, and germinated best in the soil depth of 2-10 cm. More than 70% of seeds germinated at the pH values ranging from 5 to 9. It was quite tolerant to salinity: more than 50% of seeds germinated at 160 mmol/L NaCl. Clodinafop-propargyl, pinoxaden, flucarbazone-sodium, mesosulfuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, and pyroxsulam provided better control effect against wild oat at 4- to 6-leaf stages. Based on the control effect, the susceptibility of wild oat to 7 herbicides was in the following order: clodinafop-propargyl, pinoxaden> fenoxaprop-P-ethyl> mesosulfuron-methyl> flucarbazone-sodium, pyroxsulam> isoproturon. |
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