| 邱婷1,2, 张屹2, 肖姬玲2, 李基光2, 朱菲莹2, 魏林3, 梁志怀1,2*.土壤施加氧化钙对西瓜枯萎病的影响及其机理初探[J].植物保护,2017,43(6):11-16. |
| 土壤施加氧化钙对西瓜枯萎病的影响及其机理初探 |
| Effects of soil application with calcium oxide on control of Fusarium wilt of watermelon and its preliminary mechanism research |
| 投稿时间：2017-04-11 修订日期：2017-05-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 西瓜 氧化钙 枯萎病 尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型 |
| 英文关键词:watermelon calcium oxide Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503110-03); 国家重点研发计划(2017YFP0200606); 湖南省现代农业蔬菜产业技术体系 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 邱婷1,2, 张屹2, 肖姬玲2, 李基光2, 朱菲莹2, 魏林3, 梁志怀1,2* | 湖南大学研究生院隆平分院, 长沙410125
2. 湖南省农业生物技术研究中心, 长沙410125
3. 湖南省植物保护研究所, 长沙410125 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明土壤撒施石灰对西瓜枯萎病发生的影响,本试验设计5个浓度剂量的氧化钙对连作西瓜5年的土壤进行消毒处理,通过栽培感病品种并调查植株生长情况、枯萎病发病率等指标,结合土壤中尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型1号小种病原菌孢子量和土壤pH的变化动态,以此评估土壤施加石灰防治西瓜枯萎病的效果,并利用不同浓度的钙对尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型菌丝生长和产孢量的影响进行防治机理的初步研究。试验结果表明,当土壤施加氧化钙后,西瓜发病率显著降低,各处理的相对防效分别为14%、57.8%、96.3%、94.7%、94.7%。在定植10 d后,各处理均有促进植株生长发育的作用,其中1.34 g/kg最显著。而随着氧化钙施加量的增加,土壤pH值也不断提高,30 d趋于稳定。对土壤病原菌孢子数量检测表明:各处理土壤中病原菌数量均呈现显著降低的趋势。PDA平板生测结果表明,当钙离子浓度高于80 mmol/L时,病原菌的生长及产孢量开始受到抑制,随着浓度的增加,抑制作用加强。土壤施加氧化钙不仅能改善土壤的酸化,还能有效防控西瓜枯萎病,其机理可能是土壤pH值的提高改变了土壤微环境,不利于病原菌侵染; 施加的钙离子抑制了病原菌菌丝的生长及孢子的萌发。研究结果对揭示氧化钙防控西瓜枯萎病机制,具有一定的参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, five concentrations of soil calcium disinfection were used to evaluate the effects of calcium oxide on watermelon Fusarium wilt by the dynamic change of soil pH, the amount of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum in soil, the incidence of Fusarium wilt and plant growth. The results showed that, when the soil was applied with calcium oxide, the incidence of plant disease was significantly decreased, and the relative control rates of each treatment were 14%, 57.8%, 96.3%, 94.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. All treatments had the effect of promoting plant growth and development after 10 days of colonization, among which 1.34 g/kg treatment was the most significant. With the increase of calcium oxide application rate, the soil pH also increased and tended to be stable in 30 days. The research of F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum number showed that the number of pathogens in treated soils showed a significant decrease. PDA flat test results showed that, when calcium ion concentration was higher than 80 mmol/L, the growth of the pathogen and quantity of spore production began to be suppressed, and with the increase of concentration, the inhibition strengthened. Therefore, the application of calcium oxide in the soil could not only improve the soil acidification, but also effectively control watermelon wilt disease; the mechanism might be that the increase in soil pH changed the soil microenvironment, and the increase in free calcium concentration inhibited the growth of pathogens and spore germination, leading to its apoptosis. The results of the study have a reference value for revealing the mechanism of prevention and control of the fusarium wilt of watermelon by calcium oxide. |
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