| 王继婷1, 王殿轩1*, 赵海鹏1, 陆 群2, 黄浙文3.磷化氢对小麦中玉米象致死效果的研究[J].植物保护,2017,43(1):106-111. |
| 磷化氢对小麦中玉米象致死效果的研究 |
| Mortality of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in the wheat kernel to phosphine |
| 投稿时间：2016-02-24 修订日期：2016-04-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 磷化氢 玉米象 虫态 耐受力 完全致死 |
| 英文关键词:phosphine Sitophilus zeamais stage tolerance mortality |
| 基金项目:粮食公益性行业科研专项(201513002) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 玉米象Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky)的卵、幼虫以及蛹在粮食籽粒内部生活与发育, 粮粒结构会影响熏蒸气体的渗透以及对隐蔽虫态的杀虫效果, 了解粮粒内卵、幼虫、蛹以及成虫对磷化氢耐受能力的差异, 有助于科学有效杀虫。本文测定了3个玉米象品系对磷化氢的抗药性, 及在100、200、300、400和500 mL/m3的磷化氢浓度下玉米象成虫及其隐蔽虫态卵、幼虫和蛹在不同熏蒸时间的死亡率。主要结果为:3个品系的玉米象对磷化氢均未产生抗性。在各磷化氢浓度下, 经6 h熏蒸后100 mL/m3浓度下成虫的死亡率近59%, 而500 mL/m3浓度下死亡率在91%以上; 经12 h熏蒸后各品系成虫的死亡率均达100%, 而其卵、幼虫和蛹死亡率均小于100%; 经24 h熏蒸后, 各品系的卵、幼虫和蛹死亡率达100%的磷化氢浓度需要在400 mL/m3及以上; 经36 h熏蒸后, 100 mL/m3浓度可完全致死玉米象BJXNSz品系的卵、幼虫和蛹, 但对另外两个品系的卵、幼虫和蛹的致死率小于100%; 磷化氢熏蒸48 h以上的各浓度均可完全致死受试害虫。结果表明, 100 mL/m3以上的磷化氢浓度均可在不同时间致死玉米象各虫态, 但完全致死玉米象各虫态的时间在100 mL/m3浓度下需要48 h, 在500 mL/m3浓度下需要24 h, 浓度升高完全致死害虫的时间缩短。玉米象卵、幼虫和蛹对磷化氢耐受力相接近且远大于成虫。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Eggs, larvae and pupae of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky all survive and develop in the wheat kernel, which can affect fumigant penetration into seeds and killing of hidden insects. The exposure time and concentration are important to the mortality of insects under fumigation conditions, especially for the immature stages. The resistance of three strains of S. zeamais was monitored, and the mortalities of egg, larvae, pupae and adults of the insect were assayed at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mL/m3 of phosphine. The results indicated that there was no resistance to phosphine among the three S. zeamais strains. The mortality of adults changed from 59% at 100 mL/m3to above 91% at 500 mL/m3for 6 h. The mortality of adults was 100% after 12 h, while the mortalities for egg, pupa and larva were below 100% for all concentrations in 12 h. The mortalities of eggs, larvae and pupae were achieved in 24 h under fumigation with 400 mL/m3 or more phosphine. Fumigation for 36 h was lethal to the eggs, larvae and pupae of the strain BJXNSz but not to the other two strains. Fumigation for more than 48 h at all tested concentrations of phosphine could completely kill all insects of any stages. The results indicated that phosphine at more than 100 mL/m3 could kill all stages of S. zeamais in the exposure time tested. The lethality to all stages of S.zeamais could be achieved by fumigation with phosphine of 100 to 500 mL/m3 in the exposure time from 48 h to 24 h accordingly. The tolerance of eggs, larvae and pupa of the insect to phosphine was similar and stronger than that of the adult. |
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