| 徐 飞1, 宋玉立1*, 周益林2, 张 昊2, 王俊美1, 李亚红1, 韩自行1.2013-2016年河南省小麦茎基腐病的发生危害情况及特点[J].植物保护,2016,42(6):126-132. |
| 2013-2016年河南省小麦茎基腐病的发生危害情况及特点 |
| Occurrence dynamics and characteristics of Fusarium root and crown rot of wheat in Henan Province during 2013-2016 |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-21 修订日期：2016-10-05 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦茎基腐病 河南省 发生特点 损失评估 |
| 英文关键词:Fusarium root and crown rot of wheat Henan Province occurrence characteristics loss assessment |
| 基金项目:科技基础性工作专项（2013FY113200）; 国家自然科学基金（31401791）; 公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303016）; 河南省小麦产业技术体系（S20100105） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 徐 飞1, 宋玉立1*, 周益林2, 张 昊2, 王俊美1, 李亚红1, 韩自行1 | 1. 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 农业部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 郑州 450002
2. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2013-2016年连续4年对河南省不同类型麦田小麦茎基腐病发生和危害情况等进行了调查。结果表明, 小麦茎基腐病在河南省已经广泛分布, 每年均都有不同程度发生, 其中2013年病田率为45.8%, 病田白穗率为0.4%~11%; 2014年病田率为12.6%, 病田白穗率为0.1%~3.7%; 2015年病田率为32.5%, 病田白穗率为0.1%~16.1%; 2016年发生最重, 病田率为65.1%, 病田白穗率为0.1%~31.5%。调查还发现, 河南省小麦茎基腐病发生的特点是北部和西部发生较重; 小麦玉米连作田发生较重, 而小麦水稻连作田块发生较轻; 干旱的田块发生危害重。病害产量损失的初步测定结果表明, 感病最严重的分蘖病茎高度减少55.8%, 且不能结实; 能结实病茎较健茎高度减少14.0%~18.0%, 穗粒数减少22.7%~54.5%, 穗粒重减少33.3%~90.5%, 千粒重减少3.2%~73.2%; 当病田白穗率为22%时, 有效穗数减少33.3%, 产量损失达51.6%。本文还针对目前国内对小麦茎基腐病研究薄弱的问题, 提出了今后需要加强的研究工作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The occurrence of Fusarium root and crown rot of wheat (FCR) and its damage in different cropping systems in Henan Province were investigated during 2013-2016. The results showed that FCR has been widely distributed in Henan Province, but has a different level of disease incidence and severity each year. The diseased field ratio and white head ratio caused by FCR were 45.8% and 0.4%-11% in 2013, 12.6% and 0.1%-3.7% in 2014, 32.5% and 0.1%-16.1% in 2015, 65.1% and 0.1%-31.5% in 2016, respectively. The results also showed that FCR incidence and severity were higher in maize-wheat rotation fields than that in rice-wheat rotation fields. Drought was associated with the disease severity. The assessment of yield loss caused by FCR showed that the plant height of the worst diseased stem without spike decreased by 55.8%; the plant height, kernel number and kernel weight per ear and 1000-kernel weight of the diseased stem with spike decreased by 14.0%-18.0%, 22.7%-54.5%, 33.3%-90.5% and 3.2%-73.2%, respectively; when the white head ratio of diseased fields was 22%, the number of effective ears and yield decreased by 33.3% and 51.6%, respectively. In this study, the problems in FCR research in China were also discussed, which will provide new ideas for the future research. |
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