| 张礼生*，陈红印.我国天敌昆虫与生防微生物资源引种三十年成就与展望[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):24-32. |
| 我国天敌昆虫与生防微生物资源引种三十年成就与展望 |
| Achievements and prospects in introduction of natural enemy insects and biocontrol microbial agents in China over the last three decades |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-10 修订日期：2016-08-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 天敌昆虫 生防微生物 引种 检疫 |
| 英文关键词:natural enemy insect biocontrol microbial agent introduction plant quarantine |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31572062，31071742）；“948”计划项目（2011-G4，2006-G54）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103002，200803032）；中美国际合作项目（58-0206-9-177F） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文汇总了30年来由中国农业科学院植物保护研究所(原生物防治研究所)引进的天敌昆虫及生防微生物资源，系统介绍了引进生防资源的种类、数量、来源国家、引种单位和应用情况，并对未来资源引种提出建议。30年来，累计引进境外天敌昆虫及生防微生物资源至少89种、232批次，提供给国内至少21家教学、科研及生产单位。据统计，引进境外天敌昆虫至少69种、212批次，包括茧蜂、瓢虫、草蛉、赤眼蜂、蚜茧蜂、蚜小蜂、跳小蜂、姬小蜂、绒茧蜂、捕食蝽、捕食螨、古巴蝇、食蚜瘿蚊、防杂草象甲、防杂草实蝇等；引进境外生防微生物资源至少20种、20批次，包括耳霉、疫霉、白僵菌、绿僵菌、轮枝菌、虫霉菌、多角体病毒、生防线虫等。这些引进资源的一部分，如广赤眼蜂、甘蓝夜蛾赤眼蜂、丽蚜小蜂、桨角蚜小蜂、半闭弯尾姬蜂、小黑瓢虫、孟氏隐唇瓢虫、黄瓜新小绥螨、智利小植绥螨等已在我国商业化生产，广泛应用于农作物、蔬菜、水果、茶叶、林业的病虫害防控，部分天敌昆虫已成功定殖，成为国际生物防治资源引进与利用的成功案例。显著提升了我国生物防治科研、教学和生产水平，促进了我国生物防治事业的进步。在“转方式、调结构”的新型农业生产形势下，发展生物防治，加强生物防治资源引进与利用，具有重要的科学和生产意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper enumerates the natural enemy insects and biocontrol microorganisms introduced by Institute of Plant Protection (Former Institute of Biological Control), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the recent 30 years. The number of species, original countries, import institutes and application of the introduced biocontrol agents are reviewed systematically, and some suggestions are made for biological control resource importation in the future. At least 89 species, 232 batches of beneficial insects and biocontrol microbial agents were introduced, and supplied for more than 21 domestic organizations, including universities, research institutes and companies. According to the statistics, there are more than 69 species, 212 batches of natural enemy insects introduced from outside, including braconid wasps, ladybirds, green lacewings, Trichogramma, aphid parasitoids, aphelinid parasitoids, encyrtid wasps, Eulophidae wasps, Apanteles parasitoids, predatory bugs, predatory mites, Cuban fly, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, weevil beetles and trypetid for controlling weeds; at least 20 species, 20 batches of biocontrol microbial agents were imported from other countries, including Conidiobolus, Phytophthora, Beauveria, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium, Entomophthora, polyhedrosis virus and biocontrol nematodes. Some of these imported resources, such as Trichogramma evanescens, T.brassicae, Encarsia formosa, Diadegma semiclausum, Delphastus catalinae, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Amblyseius cucumeris and Phytoseiulus persimilis have been commercially produced and widely applied for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of crops, vegetables, fruits, tea and forestry in China. Some beneficial insects colonized successfully, which became classic cases in international importation and application of biological control resources. These significantly improved the research, teaching and industry of biological control, and promoted the biological control progress in our country. Under the new mode and structure of agricultural production, the development of importation and application of biological control resources is of great importance to scientific research and production |
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