| 张瑾1，徐秉良1*，梁巧兰1，张文利2，吴步梅2.杏采后病害病原菌鉴定及室内药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2011,37(5):118-123. |
| 杏采后病害病原菌鉴定及室内药剂筛选 |
| Identification of the pathogens of postharvest apricot fruit diseases and indoor screening of fungicides |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 杏 采后病害 病原鉴定 室内药剂筛选 |
| 英文关键词:apricot postharvest disease pathogen identification indoor screening of fungicide |
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| 中文摘要: |
| ［目的］ 确定引起杏采后病害的主要病原菌及筛选有效防治药剂，以延长杏果贮藏期，降低损失。［方法］ 对引起甘肃省兰州市杏采后病害的病原菌进行分离鉴定、致病性测定及回接试验，并针对主要病原菌进行室内药剂筛选。［结果］ 引起杏采后果实腐烂病的致病菌有粉红聚端孢霉（Trichothecium roseum Lk. ex Fr.）、链格孢［Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.］、黑根霉［Rhizopus nigricans (Ehrenb.)］、青霉（Penicillium frequentans）、灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)和核果褐腐菌［Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey］等6种真菌。其中链格孢、黑根霉和粉红聚端孢霉为主要致病菌，其分离频率分别为28.5%、48.9%和9.4%。链格孢、黑根霉有伤无伤接种发病率均为100%，粉红聚端孢霉为83%。药剂筛选结果表明，在PDA培养基上，50%咯菌腈可湿性粉剂和50%异菌脲悬浮剂对3种主要致病菌抑菌效果最好，抑菌率达94%以上。杏果实采后主要病害防治试验结果表明，50%咯菌腈可湿性粉剂 9000倍液和50%异菌脲悬浮剂 1000倍液常温浸果处理3 min，第7天和第13天，咯菌腈对粉红聚端孢霉、链格孢和黑根霉的防效分别为78.3%和65%、79%和67.5%以及80.3%和69.6%。异菌脲防效分别为76%和64.3%、78.3%和64.4%以及78.6%和66.4%。［结论］ 本文研究结果可以指导杏采后病害的防治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| ［Objective］ To identify the main pathogens causing fruit rot of storage apricots and screen the effective fungicides, so as to prolong the storage period of apricots and decrease the losses. ［Method］ Isolation and identification, as well as pathogenicity test and return inoculation experiments were made for the pathogen causing fruit rot of storage apricots in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. The effective fungicides for the main pathogens were also screened in the laboratory.［Result］ Six fungi were identified as the pathogens causing fruit rot of storage apricots, which were Trichothecium roseum Lk. ex Fr., Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl., Rhizopus nigricans (Ehrenb), Penicillium frequentans, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey. The main pathogens causing postharvest diseases of apricots were A.alternata, R.nigricans and T.roseum. The isolation frequencies of them were 28.5%, 48.9% and 9.4%, respectively. After artificial inoculation with or without wounds, the incidence of fruits infected by A.alternata, R. nigricans and T. roseum were 100%, 100% and 83%, respectively. The results of chemical screening showed that, in PDA media plate, the fludioxonil (50%WP) and iprodione (50%SC) were most effective in controlling the three main pathogens, and the average effect reached more than 94%. The test of fungicides antisepsis of fruits showed that apricots were dipped in the 9000× diluted solution of fludioxonil (50%WP) or in the 1000 × diluted solution of iprodione (50%SC) for 3 min and stored at room temperature (25 ℃) for 7 days and 13 days. The control effects of fludioxonil against T. roseum, A. alternata and R. nigricans were 78.3%/65%, 79% /67.5% and 80.3%/69.6%, respectively, and the control effects of iprodione were 76%/64.3%, 78.3%/64.4% and 78.6%/66.4%, respectively. ［Conclusion］ The results may provide a reference for the control of postharvest diseases of apricots. |
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