| 林 敏1, 2, 沈煜洋2, 邓菲菲2, 孙婧婧2, 陈江华2, 李 进2, 李广阔2, 刘 琦1*, 高海峰2*.新疆荒漠绿洲小麦田播娘蒿发生规律及其对小麦产量的影响[J].植物保护,2026,(1):304-311. |
| 新疆荒漠绿洲小麦田播娘蒿发生规律及其对小麦产量的影响 |
| Occurrence pattern of Descurainia sophia in wheat fields of desert oases in Xinjiang and its influence on wheat yield |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-01 修订日期：2025-05-08 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025053 |
| 中文关键词: 播娘蒿 小麦 发生动态 产量损失率 经济阈值 |
| 英文关键词:Descurainia sophia wheat accurrence dynamics yield loss rate economic threshold |
| 基金项目:“天山英才”培养计划-青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0081); 新疆小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01); 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A02009); 现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-88); 农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023004-1) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 林 敏1, 2, 沈煜洋2, 邓菲菲2, 孙婧婧2, 陈江华2, 李 进2, 李广阔2, 刘 琦1*, 高海峰2* | 1. 新疆农业大学农学院, 农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院, 农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 新疆农业生物安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091 | 刘琦liuqi@xjau.edu.cn; 高海峰ghf20044666@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确播娘蒿Descurainia sophia种群发生规律及密度梯度对小麦生理特征和产量构成因子的影响, 为建立科学的杂草防治指标体系提供理论支撑，本文研究了播娘蒿在0、10、20、30、40、50株/m2密度梯度处理下对小麦生理生态特征与产量构成因子的影响, 采用多种模型拟合分析, 筛选不同密度播娘蒿与小麦产量损失率的最优模型, 并计算经济阈值。观测数据显示, 11月上旬和4月上中旬分别为播娘蒿种群冬季和春季出苗高峰; 4月下旬, 播娘蒿鲜重与株高优势完成逆转; 5月上中旬为竞争关键期, 种间生物量差异达到极值, 单株播娘蒿平均鲜重达小麦的3.32倍。随着播娘蒿密度增加, 小麦穗密度和产量均显著下降, 播娘蒿密度50株/m2时, 穗密度较空白对照降低51.78%, 产量损失率达52.99%。小麦株高、有效穗数、穗粒数及千粒重及产量等参数均与播娘蒿密度呈极显著负相关。明确S函数模型y=e(4.199 9-11.804 7/x)能较好地拟合播娘蒿密度与小麦产量损失率间的关系, 当播娘蒿密度为2.66株/m2时, 达到无人机防除播娘蒿经济阈值。播娘蒿对小麦的抑制效应与其密度呈正相关, 当播娘蒿密度达到经济阈值时需进行有效防治。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Occurrence patterns of the Descurainia sophia population and the influence of its density gradient on the physiological and ecological characteristics of wheat, as well as yield components, were explored to provide theoretical support for establishment of scientific prevention and control index systems. Effects of D.sophia at density gradients of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 plants/m2 on the physiological and ecological characteristics and yield components of wheat were investigated in this study. Optimal models for D.sophia with different densities and wheat yield loss rate were selected, and the economic threshold was calculated through the use of multiple models for fitting analysis. The results indicated that the peak periods for the emergence of D.sophia seedlings in winter and spring occurred in early November and early-to-mid April, respectively. In late April, a reversal was observed in the superiority of D.sophia in terms of fresh weight and plant height. During the critical period of competition in early-to-mid May, the differences in biomass between the two species reached the maximum. The average fresh weight per D.sophia plant was recorded as 3.32 times as that of wheat. With an increase in the density of D.sophia, both the wheat spike density and yield are significantly reduced. When a density of 50 D.sophia plants per square meter was reached, a reduction of 51.78% in wheat spike density compared to the control treatment was observed, and a yield loss rate of 52.99% was recorded. Extremely significant negative correlations were observed between the density of D.sophia and parameters including plant height, number of effective spikes, number of grains per spikes, 1 000-grain weight, as well as yield. It is clear that the relationship between the density of D.sophia and the rate of wheat yield loss can be well fitted by the sigmoid function model y=e(4.199 9-11.804 7/x). The economic threshold for drone-assisted control of D.sophia was determined to be 2.66 plants per square meter. A positive correlation was observed between the inhibitory effect of D.sophia on wheat and its density. Effective control measures should be initiated when the D.sophia density reached the economic threshold. |
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