| 崔 娟1, 李云鹏1, 胡 军2, 董莉环3, 胡英露4, 史树森4*.苘麻对大豆的危害及其经济阈值[J].植物保护,2026,(1):214-219. |
| 苘麻对大豆的危害及其经济阈值 |
| Damage of Abutilon theophrasti on soybean and its economic threshold |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-02 修订日期：2025-03-31 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025087 |
| 中文关键词: 苘麻 大豆 产量性状 经济阈值 |
| 英文关键词:Abutilon theophrasti soybean yield property economic threshold |
| 基金项目:吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20240303023NC)；农业农村部大豆机械化生产重点实验室开放课题（SMP202207） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 崔 娟1, 李云鹏1, 胡 军2, 董莉环3, 胡英露4, 史树森4* | 1. 吉林农业科技学院农学院, 吉林 132101
2. 黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院, 农业农村部大豆机械化生产重点实验室, 大庆 163319
3. 桓仁县农业综合服务中心, 本溪 117200
4. 吉林农业大学植物保护学院, 农业农村部大豆病虫害防控重点实验室, 长春 130118 | sss-63@263.net |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 苘麻Abutilon theophrasti是大豆田恶性杂草, 影响农作物生长发育和产量。本研究通过在大豆田设置不同密度(0、2、4、8、16、32、64株/m2)苘麻, 研究苘麻持续危害对大豆农艺性状和产量性状的影响, 采取模型拟合法分析不同密度苘麻与大豆产量损失率间的函数关系, 并根据经济危害允许水平分析苘麻的防治经济阈值。结果表明, 随着苘麻密度的增加, 大豆株高、侧枝数、节数和单株有效荚数逐渐降低; 大豆产量随着苘麻密度的增加而显著减少, 当苘麻密度为2株/m2时, 大豆产量损失率为10.77%; 当大豆密度达到64株/m2时, 大豆产量损失率为39.40%。幂函数y=8.207x0.383能较好地拟合苘麻密度与大豆产量损失率间的关系, 根据经济危害允许水平和幂函数模型, 84%氯酯磺草胺水分散粒剂、25%氟磺胺草醚水剂、10%乙羧氟草醚微乳剂、48%灭草松水剂防除苘麻的经济阈值分别为0.027、0.007、0.009、0.029株/m2。大豆产量损失率与苘麻密度呈极显著正相关, 当田间苘麻密度高于0.007株/m2时, 应及时防除。本研究结果为制定大豆田苘麻的防治指标提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abutilon theophrasti is a malignant weed in soybean field, which affects growth and yield of crops. Effects of A.theophrasti on agronomic traits and yield traits of soybean were studied by setting field density gradient series (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 plants/m2). Then functional relationship between different densities of A.theophrasti and soybean yields loss rate was researched by model fitting method, and control economic thresholds of A.theophrasti was analyzed according to the economic injury level. The results showed that the plant height, the number of lateral branches, nodes and effective pods per plant of soybean decreased with the increase of A.theophrasti density. The yield of soybean decreased significantly with the increase of the density of A.theophrasti. When the density of A.theophrasti was 2 plant/m2, the loss rate of soybean yield was 10.77%. When the A.theophrasti density reached 64 plants/m2, the soybean yield loss rate was 39.40%. The power function model y=8.207x0.383 was the best in describing the relationship between A.theophrasti and the yield loss rate of soybean. According to the economic injury level and the power function model, the economic thresholds of A.theophrasti for chemical control by chlorimuron-ethyl 84% WG, fomesafen 25% AS, fluoroglycofen 10% ME and bentazone 48% AS were 0.027, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.029 plants/m2, respectively. The soybean yield loss rate was significantly positively correlated with the density of A.theophrasti. When the density of A. theophrasti in the field was higher than 0.007 plants/m2, it should be prevented and controlled in time. The above results provided a scientific basis for the index of prevention and control of A.theophrasti in soybean fields. |
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