| 竺筱洁1, 2, 彭 浩1, 2, 张亚妮2, 林 玲2, 张爱香2, 孙海燕2, 曹淑琳2, 张 昕2, 陈怀谷2, 陶 刚1*, 李 伟2*.生防链霉菌的筛选、鉴定及其对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果评价[J].植物保护,2026,(1):135-144. |
| 生防链霉菌的筛选、鉴定及其对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果评价 |
| Screening, identification, and evaluation of biocontrol Streptomyces strains against Fusarium crown rot in wheat |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-03 修订日期：2025-02-12 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2025004 |
| 中文关键词: 生物防治 假禾谷镰孢 小麦茎基腐病 链霉菌 |
| 英文关键词:biocontrol Fusarium pseudograminearum Fusarium crown rot Streptomyces |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2023YFD1400400）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-03）; 贵州民族大学科研基金（GZMVZK［2023］YB22, GZMVZK［2023］YB21） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 竺筱洁1, 2, 彭 浩1, 2, 张亚妮2, 林 玲2, 张爱香2, 孙海燕2, 曹淑琳2, 张 昕2, 陈怀谷2, 陶 刚1*, 李 伟2* | 1. 贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025
2. 江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 南京 210014 | 陶刚ttg729@sina.com；李伟lw0501@jaas.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 小麦茎基腐病是一种由假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum等镰孢菌属病原菌引起的严重病害, 对小麦产量和品质构成重大威胁。本研究从小麦根际及非根际土壤中分离到221株放线菌, 采用平板对峙法筛选获得4株(7F2、7B10、7E5和7G1)对假禾谷镰孢具有显著抑制作用的链霉菌Streptomyces spp., 其中7F2菌株的抑制率高达83.57%; 同时, 对禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum、藤仓镰孢F.fujikuroi、 尖镰孢萎蔫专化型F.oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum、禾谷丝核菌Rhizoctonia cerealis、立枯丝核菌R.solani、炭疽病菌Colletotrichum sp.和肿囊腐霉Pythium inflatum等重要植物病原真菌具有广谱拮抗活性。通过构建16S rDNA和gyrB基因的系统发育树, 7F2被鉴定为娄彻氏链霉菌Streptomyces rochei, 7B10、7E5和7G1归属链霉菌属不同种类。发酵滤液抑菌活性测定结果表明, 这些链霉菌的发酵滤液能够抑制假禾谷镰孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发, 抑制率分别为9.75%~78.01%和67.51%~100%。小麦胚芽鞘及盆栽试验结果显示, 链霉菌发酵滤液处理显著降低小麦根部病斑长度, 并提高小麦植株的株高和鲜重, 其中7F2对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果最为显著。本研究表明, 上述4株链霉菌显示出优秀的生防潜力, 具有开发为小麦病害生物防治制剂的应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fusarium crown rot, caused primarily by Fusarium pseudograminearum and other Fusarium species, is a destructive disease that seriously threatens wheat yield and quality. In this study, 221 actinomycete strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Using the plate confrontation assay, four Streptomyces strains with strong antagonistic activity against F.pseudograminearum were screened, among which strain 7F2 exhibited the highest inhibition rate of 83.57%. This strain also showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against other major plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, F.fujikuroi, F.oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, Rhizoctonia cerealis, R.solani, Colletotrichum sp., and Pythium inflatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences identified strain 7F2 as Streptomyces rochei, while 7B10, 7E5 and 7G1 were assigned to different Streptomyces species. Fermentation filtrate assays revealed that these strains significantly inhibited the mycelial growth (9.75%-78.01%) and spore germination (67.51%-100%) of F.pseudograminearum. Both coleoptile and pot experiments demonstrated that treatments with the fermentation filtrate significantly reduced lesion length on wheat roots and increased plant height and fresh weight, with strain 7F2 showing the strongest control efficacy against Fusarium crown rot. These results indicate that the four Streptomyces strains possess excellent biocontrol potential and could serve as promising candidates for the development of biological control agents to manage wheat diseases. |
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