| 张西梅1, 2, 焦晓林3, 苏春燕4, 罗 毅5, 张 蕾1, 高微微2*.我国果实种子类中药材黄曲霉毒素污染状况及防控策略研究进展[J].植物保护,2023,49(5):118-126. |
| 我国果实种子类中药材黄曲霉毒素污染状况及防控策略研究进展 |
| Research progresses in and management strategies for aflatoxin contamination of fruits and seeds medicinal materials in China |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-25 修订日期：2023-07-20 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2023317 |
| 中文关键词: 黄曲霉毒素 果实种子类药材 国内外限量标准 防控措施 |
| 英文关键词:aflatoxins fruit and seeds medicinal materials limited standards in and outside China management strategies |
| 基金项目:国家中药标准化项目(ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34); 山东省自然科学基金青年基金(ZR2021QH191); 泰山学院引进人才项目(Y-01-2020013); 北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(KM202311418001) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张西梅1, 2, 焦晓林3, 苏春燕4, 罗 毅5, 张 蕾1, 高微微2* | 1. 泰山学院生物与酿酒工程学院, 泰安 271000
2. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193
3. 北京城市学院生物医药学部, 北京 100094
4. 河北中医药大学药学院, 石家庄 050200
5. 山东宏济堂制药集团股份有限公司, 济南 250103 | wwgao@implad.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以果实种子入药的中药材由于富含淀粉、多糖、脂肪和蛋白质等营养物质, 很容易受到黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins, AFs)的污染。本文总结了近20年以来果实种子类药材有关AFs污染的研究报道, 汇总了5个国家和地区关于AFs的限量标准。通过CNKI数据库共检索到54篇报道AFs污染果实种子类药材的文献, 涉及药材48种, 污染药材数量呈现逐年增长的趋势, 其中薏苡仁、柏子仁、酸枣仁报道超过10次, 报道6~9次的7种药材中, 莲子中AFB1最高检出量超过药典限量的260倍以上。桃仁、槟榔、酸枣仁和大枣在2个国家和地区药典中有限量规定, 莲子、肉豆蔻和胡椒在3个国家和地区药典中有限量规定, 在国际贸易中需重点关注。另外, 通过对产毒素真菌生长、产毒素适宜环境因子及不同药材污染特征的分析, 针对中药材生产特点, 从采收、加工、贮藏三个环节提出了AFs污染防控措施的建议, 旨在为减少毒素污染、保障中药安全和产业健康发展提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Plants with fruits and seeds as medicinal materials are susceptible to contamination by aflatoxins (AFs) due to their high content of nutrients such as starch, polysaccharides, fats and proteins. This review summarized the reports related to AFs contamination of fruit and seed medicinal materials in the past 20 years, and also summarized the limit standards of AFs in five countries and regions. A total of 54 literatures on AFs contamination were retrieved from CNKI database, and 48 kinds of fruit and seed medicinal materials were reported to be contaminated by AFs. The number of contaminated medicinal materials showed an increasing trend year by year. Three medicinal materials (Coicis semen, Platycladi semen and Ziziphi Spinosae semen) were reported more than 10 times. Among the seven medicinal materials reported six to nine times, the highest detected amount of AFB1 in Nelumbinis semen exceeded the limit standard (5 μg/kg) by more than 260 times. The limits of Afs in Persicae semen, Arecae semen, Ziziphi Spinosae semen and Jujubae fructus appeared in the pharmacopoeia of two countries and regions, and the limits of AFs in Nelumbinis semen, Myristicae semen and Pepper appeared in the pharmacopoeia of three countries and regions. More attention should be paid to the international trade of these medicinal materials. Based on the analysis of the growth of toxigenic fungi, the suitable environmental factors for toxigenic production and the characteristics of different medicinal materials, we put forward the prevention and control measures for AFs contamination from the three perspectives of harvesting, processing and storage, aiming at providing useful references for reducing AFs contamination and ensuring the safety and healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. |
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