| 张 斌 1, 陈国奇 2, 余杰颖 1, 徐 丹 2, 董立尧 2*, 耿 坤 1*.贵州马铃薯田杂草群落调查[J].植物保护,2018,44(4):138-143. |
| 贵州马铃薯田杂草群落调查 |
| Weed community in potato fields in Guizhou Province |
| 投稿时间：2017-09-29 修订日期：2017-12-28 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2017378 |
| 中文关键词: 贵州 马铃薯 杂草 田间调查 多样性 重要值 |
| 英文关键词:Guizhou Province potato weed fields survey diversity importance value |
| 基金项目:贵州省农委2016年植保新技术试验示范项目(黔农财［2016］109号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 贵州是我国马铃薯主产区之一, 然而尚未有当地马铃薯Solanum tuberosum田杂草发生情况的研究报道。我们在贵州省修文县、开阳县、息烽县、习水县、水城县等5个典型马铃薯种植区展开田间调查。在所调查的19块马铃薯田间共发现64种杂草, 其中重要值位列前10的杂草依次为:粗毛牛膝菊Galinsoga quadriradiata、卷茎蓼Fallopia convolvulus、繁缕Stellaria media、尼泊尔蓼Polygonum nepalense、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium、藜Chenopodium album、野艾蒿Artemisia lavandulaefolia、凹头苋Amaranthus lividus、鸭跖草Commelina communis。平均每块样田中杂草种类数为12.05种, Shannon多样性指数平均值为9.88, Pielou均匀度指数平均值为0.87; 样地两两之间的Jaccard差异性指数平均值为0.76, Bray-Curtis差异性指数的平均值为0.72。通过主成分分析对所调查的19块马铃薯田杂草群落进行分析, 结果表明所调查的19块田可分为4个类群, 类群1优势种为粗毛牛膝菊、卷茎蓼、马唐, 类群2以马兰为单优势种, 类群3以繁缕、看麦娘、猪殃殃、酸模叶蓼为优势种, 类群4以粗毛牛膝菊、卷茎蓼、马唐、尼泊尔蓼为优势种。结论:贵州马铃薯田杂草群落的α和β多样性均较高, 不同马铃薯种植地区杂草群落结构差异较大, 一些具有贵州地区特色的杂草例如粗毛牛膝菊、尼泊尔蓼等在当地马铃薯田危害严重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Guizhou Province is one of the main potato production areas in China, however, there is no report on weed occurrence in this province. We conducted field survey on weed occurrence in Xiuwen, Kaiyang, Xifeng, Xishui and Shuicheng counties in Guizhou Province, which are all typical potato planting subareas. Totally 64 weed species were observed in the 19 surveyed sites, among which Galinsoga quadriradiata, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Polygonum nepalense, Digitaria sanguinalis, Polygonum lapathifolium, Chenopodium album, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Amaranthus lividus and Commelina communis were listed as the 10 species with higher importance values. On average, each potato site showed weed species number of 12.05, Shannon diversity index of 9.88 and Pielou evenness index of 0.87. The pairwise Jaccard dissimilarity values among the 19 surveyed sites were 0.76 on average, and those of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values were 0.72 on average. With principal component analysis (PCA), weed communities of the 19 surveyed potato fields were clearly grouped into four groups including group 1 with G. quadriradiata, F. convolvulus and D. sanguinalis as dominant weed species, group 2 with Kalimeris indica as the mono-dominant weed species, group 3 with S. media, Alopecurus aequalis, Galium aparine var. tenerum and P. lapathifolium as dominant weed species, and group 4 with G. quadriradiata, F. convolvulus, D. sanguinalis and P. nepalense as dominant weed species. The results indicated that weed communities in potato fields in Guizhou Province showed high α- and β-diversity. Weed communities in different potato planting areas in Guizhou Province could be distinctively different, and some local typical weed species such as Galinsoga quadriradiata and Polygonum nepalense occurred severely in potato fields in Guizhou Province. |
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